Geographical Discoveries

Great geographic discoveries a popular term geographical discoveries made at the turn of the ordinal and sixteenth centuries, in particular circumnavigation mantelpiece of full Hope by Diaz (1488), the find of the States by capital of Ohio (1492), and consequently the conquest, skid Vasco da Gama to India (1498) and the source trip around the world, Magellan (1519-1522). These events triggered a further voyages of uncovering and contributed to a signifi go radiate asidet widening of the geographical horizon of Europeans. Expedition of Christopher capital of OhioRulers of Spain, they recognise that they begin to lose the distance to Portugal, which emphatically lead the quantity organized knocked out(p)ings. provided so far Spain was busy bit with the Arabs, who defended her at the lastly stronghold Grenada. When in 1492 the Saracens were expelled from the Iberian peninsula, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance the excursion, which pre moveed them with a des cription of the Genoese Christopher capital of Ohio. The traveler asked the world-class king of Portugal. Presented a plan aimed at shipping on the west and in accordance with the map of Ptolemy, afterward intersection point the Atlantic to reach Asia.However, not met with favor. With the aforesaid(prenominal) plan, asked the king of Spain. Under the agreement, written by capital of Ohio from the royal couple capital of Ohio was appointed for life admiral, governor and vicereine of the innovationally spy arenas. 1 / 10 of income from the newly find add was to run low to capital of Ohio, the rest of the royal treasury. In return, capital of Ohio ringd to cover 1 / 8 the approach of the hostile expedition. The rest covered the royal couple. And the expedition of Christopher capital of Ohio (1492-1493) The expedition set voyage on August 3, 1492 from the demeanor of Palos de la Frontera.The first stage of the journey were previously discovered the Canary Islands, ac cordingly capital of Ohio sailed on the 28 parallel to the west. The combination, consisting of some 90 people after 3 weeks of shipping began to rebel, when it glowering out that you can not see land. 29. 09. capital of Ohio in his diary wrote that it was rebellion. 11. 10. capital of Ohio erected ultimatum if within 24 hours w funny not see the land has uniform outflow. Fortunately for Kolumba12 October after terzetto months of the expedition, when the entire crew of the ship was already tired and actually threatened capital of Ohios death, JuanRodriguez Bermejo truism the crows nest land. The expedition landed on the island belike Watling (called Guanahani by the Indians), a fiddling island group of the Bahamas. In the natives pointed grand ornaments. Interviewed intimately their origin indicated the direction to the south. Judging from this that lies to the northwestward of the mainland, capital of Ohio chose a new move to the southwest. Indians called the islands inhabitants. October 28 capital of Ohio arrived in Cuba, then on December 6 order some different island of Haiti / Hispaniola and the smaller islands, which he called Isabella and Fernandina in honor of the royal couple.Then in that respect was a crisis in late January and February moody out that the admiral ship sank and the Santa Maria, capital of Ohio ordered the return to their homeland. In attest 1493, two ships returned to Palos. Second expedition of Christopher Columbus (1493 1494) September 25, 1493, the expedition set off another. This age the expedition better equipped, be more ships ( close to 15, the number of crew rough 1750). The expedition lasted 1. 5 years. This time, Columbus chose a more southern route, and thus reached land in the area of the Lesser Antilles.after discovered the island of Dominica, Marie Galante, Guadeloupe, Antigua and Puerto Rico. Nov. 22 Columbus arrived in Haiti once more, to see that the people left there, no one survived. How do myslono, all perished in the battle with the natives. In the longer journey Columbus sailed along the southern playground slide of Cuba and discovered Jamaica. However, the absolute gggaaaTymczasem proceeding to Columbus anomic a large part of his crew. reject many hardships and lack of legendary wealth separated themselves from the trip and started searching on your own.Others returned to Spain, choking many complaints on Columbus. Influenced by the enemies of Columbus postulated to take privileges granted to him earlier, and in his range appointed royal governor of the newly discovered lands. In this situation, Columbus on March 19 headed cover charge to Spain, where he arrived June 11. At the court managed to illumine himself of the charges against him, obtained a confirmation of earlier privileges and the promise of organizing the next, the third expedition. Third expedition of Christopher Columbus (1498 1500)Another, already the third expedition took place in 1498 on h er organization had to live so much, because it failed to fully restore arrogance in what it darzono. In fact, only during this expedition, Christopher Columbus saw the mainland. It was southward the States, but thats when peck turned away from Columbus. Columbus dominating favor of his people, in particular his intelligence Diego. She came to the undoubted frustration at the lack of major economic achieveres and difficulties expeditions in relations with the natives. only if as during the second expedition, news arrived of the problems to the crown.Meanwhile, it was pertinacious to act more decisively. In June 1500 sent to the west of Francis Bobadilla, which were endowed with wide positions of attorney. later reviewing the situation in Haiti, he ordered arrest of Columbus and his son, and shackled to send them to Spain. At the Columbus site again managed to clear themselves of charges and return to the graces of the royal pair. The reply was a tail and last expediti on of Columbus to America. IV expedition of Christopher Columbus (1502 -1504) whitethorn 9, 1502 flotilla of four ships and 150 crew company Columbus went west again.This time the situation was urgent. In the meantime, Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India around the African continent. Columbus urgently needed was a success proving that the road to the west is shorter, more favourable and safer. Columbuss intention was to find the transition to water supply, which lastly took him to lead India. He expected to go to the west of Cuba. There was headed in his expedition. flux in this direction reached the sloping troughs of Honduras and the Mosquito chute on the east coast of Nicaragua.There, the natives learned about the rich kingdoms (Mayan civilization, and perhaps even the Inca Empire) and the extensive sea ( Pacific Ocean), which lies further west, but disdain strenuous attempts failed to find a water passage to the reservoir. Having lost two of the four ships, resign ed to return to Cuba, then to Jamaica. There he was forced to settle the remaining ships aground. Materials originating in the damaged ships were utilise for the construction of fortified settlements. One of the companions of Columbus, Diego Mendez, the Indian boats set off for help survivors.But it was only after months wandering managed to get to Haiti, where he brought help. In the meantime Columbus was seriously ill and in much(prenominal) condition were transported him to Spain, where he arrived November 25, 1504. Summary of accomplishments of Christopher Columbus Given what Columbus has to say that the end of his life was tragic. aft(prenominal) returning from the expedition moved to fourth place Vailadolid seriously ill, and having al or so the place of a beggar. He died on May 20, 1506 was actually not knowing that he discovered America.He was convinced that came to Japan, to China, to India, and the mainland, which he saw during the third expedition he considered the bi blical paradise. Meanwhile, the Lusitanian and Spaniards, and realized that Columbus did not reach India, and discovered a new land. Another version of the last years of his life of Columbus presents a mysterious manuscript of Puri, according to which Columbus had died many years later and bland take one-fifth trip to the westbound Indies. The authenticity of this source is given, however, questioned by most scholars Ferdinand Magellan (port. Fernao de Magalhaes, Spanish.Fernando de Magallanes, born. In the spring of 1480, as amended. April 27, 1521) Portuguese sailor in the service of the Spanish maritime explorer and adventurer. He called the Pacific Ocean (Pacific). September 20, 1519 set out from Portugal by the western, or by the Atlantic Ocean to the Spice Islands in the Malayan Archipelago. The expedition, which sailed under his command as the first circumnavigated the Earth. He died on April 27 killed by the inhabitants of the island of Mactan in the Philippine Archipel ago Christopher Columbus (born 25 August or 31 October 1451 in Genoa (Italy) died.May 20, 1506 in Valladolid, cat Cristofor Colom, own by Cristoforo Colombo, Spanish. Cristobal Colon) European sailor and navigator (probably Catalan by recent discoveries), maitre d copy of the expedition, which flowed on the three ships Santa Maria, Nina and Pinta under the gladiola of Castile in search of the western sea route to India, as the first in the history of geographical discoveries of modern lambaste tropical Atlantic Ocean and 12 October 1492 reached the West Indies (Antilles ) off the coast of America the continent at that time transcendental in Europe.Was appointed as admiral and made the first governor of the Spanish colonies in profound America, the organizer and master of four transatlantic discovery expeditions from Spain to America. Diaz used the discovery of Vasco da Gama. In 1497 another expedition was launched. Da Gama sailed around the chimneypiece of Good Hope and he aded towards Asia. Docked in the port of Calicut in India. Returned to the country in 1499 along with a large cargo of gold and spices. The country welcomed him enthusiastically. Maritime route to India became a reality.No wonder that the success of this expedition had a big impact naorganizowanie next. total heat the Navigator Portugal at least because of its pickle lent itself perfectly to the base for marine expeditions. Despite the advantages of geographical location odegralaby probably not such a subroutine in the big geographical discoveries, if not enthusiasm and dedication to Prince atomic number 1 (1394-1460) Henry called Sailor. After the conquest by the Portuguese in 1415 On the Moroccan coast Ceutry Henry was convinced that further intricacy in Africa will bring great benefits.Counting on profits from calling gold, knuckle downs, ivory, and pepper. With his support along the western coast of mantlepiece Sangres organized a elucidate of informationbase connect ion with the research center, where he pile up all the geographical and navigational data and worked on the construction of sailing ships. For cardinal years the Portuguese sailing ships were pitiful farther and farther south along the African coast, reaching successive headlands Nun, Bojador, Blanco and 1445 commonality Cape.During these expeditions the Portuguese discovered and colonized inshore islands and archipelagos Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde. They assumed a fortified factories on the coast. And as it turned out that gold is less in Africa than they hoped, they took a more profitable procedere, the slave trade. EXPEDITIONS WYPRARY PORTUGUESE -Henry the Navigator Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, crossed the equator in 1471r. , -Bartholomew Diaz 1488r . Busz Cape (Cape of Good Hope), Vasco da Gamma the road to India along the coast of Africa (1497-1498), SPANISH EXPEDITION Christopher Columbus the discovery of America (12. 10. 1942r), Hispaniola (Haiti), Cuba and others (1492), Lesser Antilles, the Coast of Central America and South America (1493-1503) -Amerigo Vespucci realized that America is a new continent (from his name, name) -Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522) circumnavigation of the Earth (Magellan Strait, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Borneo) died in 1521r. In the Philippines, an expedition Sebastian del Cano finished Francis Drake (English) and the circumnavigation of South America (the world)CIVILIZATIONS AND SOUTH CENTRAL the States Maya V w. n. e. The beginnings of civilization in the areas of Central America (Yucatan plw. ) with its capital in Majapan rescue -Wypaleniskowa (incandescent), -Grown beans, wheat, -Craft, art, the pyramid -Religion based on the fair weather god cults, rites human sacrifice -Totalitarian power, absolute, hereditary -The dealer adviser to the ruler the high non-Christian priest -Did not know the wheel or arc -Calendar (365 days divided into 18 months) -Developed astronomy -Know the time (to understand this concept) denary system Were aware of the layout of digits The Aztecs The thirteenth speed of light the beginnings of civilization in the areas of Mexico today, with its capital in Tenochtitlan -Developed economy -Grown tomatoes, cotton, cocoa -Money cocoa beans or golden sand -Tools more advanced than the Mayans -Construction the temples -Ruler chosen from among the administrative units -Bloody rituals, worship of the sun 1489 250 thousand were killed. people as victims of ritual, such as skinned, pulling beating police van -Took over the Mayan calendarIncas Fifteenth speed of light origins of civilization in the areas of Peru -Cult of the sun and dream -A highly developed economy, -Machu Picchu, -Crafts (ornaments of gold) -Totalitarian state, absolute power -The interests of the subordinated interests of the state -Residents could not travel to other parts of the country Courier-Mail (16 thousand. Km of roads) Knotted-letter -Developed cognitive operat ion and herbal medicine, hypnosis 1519r. Hispanic Cortez Aztec civilization znieszczenie sixteen the destruction of the Incas Izarro