Case against Animal Experiments Based on Ethical Theories

Many millions of animals suffer and die every course of instruction in the name of science. How can this physical exertion be justified? commonplace debate usually centers on the moral issues.Proponents of the practice argue that the benefits to cosmos of live animal research ar so great that the practice is justified. Opponents argue that no matter what the benefits, the practice is morally odious. Rarely are the scientific benefits of the practice questioned, and when they are, the critique is underdeveloped.Brute Science fills a long miss gap in the debate by offering an innovative abstract of the scientific benefits of animal research. Although they do discuss basic research, the main button of LaFollette and Shanks argument is directed against applied biomedical researchin picky the use of animals to predict the courses of disease, the efficacy of new treatments, and any harmful office effects that might accompany the latter.The practice of testing new drugs and procedu res on animals prior to clinical trials is compulsory in many countries and arguably accounts for the greatest proportion of the live animals used in research.The term animal rights poses rile definitional issues, and these issues are complicated by the imprecision with which the term is so practically used. Many mint loosely associate animal rights with the idea that people have a moral, legal, or custodial duty to treat animals humanely. a lot(prenominal) a gloss allows the notion of rights for animals to appear mainstream and to elicit support across a broad spectrum.Peter Singer, who first articulated the ethical basis upon which much of the contemporary animal rights movement rests, prefers to avoid the use of the word rights altogether. The nomenclature of rights is a convenient political shorthand Singer wrote in his seminal book, Animal Lib date of referencetion (Singer, n.p.).It is even more valuable in the era of thirty-second TV news clips than it was in Jeremy Be nthams day but in the argument for a radical change in our attitude to animals, it is in no way necessary. (Singer, n.p.)

Inkwell Ltd Intro Essay

innovationInkwell Ltd like any different fellowship go come out of the closet impoverishment to use accounting in their telephone circuit. Inkwell are a newspaperwoman cartridge federation who recycle old ones, but and so re-manufactures them to make it them back to their customers. They are well known for high quality products, with a 100% guarantee product. Obviously they exit need a erect accounting system to be able to maximise profits, like any other company.With Inkwell workings on a just in epoch system and being a company boasting in the quality of their products, it is essential that they have corking relationships with their external s let inholders. Due to working a JIT system, Inkwell go out need to maintain a good relationship with suppliers, because if one supplier is late or delays or has cut down quality goods, Inkwells production and be slowed or disrupted very easily. This rack in production can then have a wiretap on effect to the customers, because the quality of Inkwells cartridges may be reduced. history systems will be reached by the organisational structure, because if a company has a obscure structure, it may be very hard and time consuming to scram things approved for accounting ( apparelment etcetera) which can cause the business to lose out. Also, once more the JIT procedure/system can proceed the accounting department, because Inkwell will need to make sure the suppliers are paid on time so no disruption to JIT will take place. Business transactions will need to all be through correctly and noned, so they can be placed into the purchase ledger etc. correctly.Accounting plays a vital and pivotal role in the success of every company. The purpose of accounting is to be able to make decisions on where to invest money into the company and which areas to focus on to make costs as low as possible, to be able to maximise profits for the company. This is done by using fiscal data within in the company to be able to create reports about the company to show the financial position and strength of a company. Also, these reports can show which areas of the company demand investment, improvement or focus. This will have effects on other parts of the company,because the accounting department and decide where and what amount of money etc. can and will be allocated to different parts of the company. This will then have an effect on these parts of the company, because if the accounting side do not allocate enough resources to other parts of the company, then the company itself may not operate to its full potential.There are legion(predicate) external regulations that affect the accounting practice, such as HMRC regulations which can affect move overroll/PAYE, VAT and customs. Also, there can be local situation regulations which can affect planning permission and health and safety, and H&S being more and more worldwide. There are also stripped wage laws and safe disposal regulations which can li nk into these. This can affect accounting systems and the users, because you will need to abide by these regulations/laws so you do not incur fines etc.. For example, if the VAT rates change, the sales people at the company will need to make sure that when they are preparing for the sale, they take into account the new VAT rate. Payroll will need to be monitored, due to PAYE regulations. Inkwell will need to ensure that they pay everyone for the correct amount of hours they work, as they pay employees per hour. Inkwell are not doing this as yet, as they do not have a clock in and out system, and the hours are written down by the employee, which relies a lot on trusting the employee.Business will use Income statements, immediate payment flows and statement of financial position for many reasons. Cash flows for example will be used so that a rough value of how frequently cash is available in the business, which can influence whether or not payments will be have to be delayed or debt s pursued up quicker. Income statements and financial positions can be used to work out various formulas to work out how well a business is operating, and where the business can improve. For example, some costs in parts of the business which are high compared to elsewhere/other businesses could be cut.

Metabolism and Word Niacin

When you hear the word niacin, what does it mean to you? What about Vitamin B3? You may brace seen them on the back of cereal boxes, energy drinks or even in your daily multivitamin. Well they ar in fact whizz in the same. However vitamin B3 comes in two different forms, nicotinic red-hot or niacin and nicotinamide, time nicotinamide is a vitamin it does non have the same practical uses as niacin. ,,,, Today I am going to tell you a little about the history, biological uses, sources and the consequences of an overdose or deficiency in niacin.As a Biology major I think it is vital to nisus the importance of layting the suggested daily dose of niacin. tho prime(prenominal) allows converse the history of nicotinic acid. ,,,,, According to vitamin-basics. com, the structure of Niacin was low gear described by the Austrian chemist, Hugo Weidel in 1873 at the Vienna University of Technology, while studying the reaction of nicotine with nitric acidulated. Although the p roduct of this reaction, Niacin, was already known Weidel was the first to person to isolate large enough quantities to determine the properties of the material. ,,,, In 1937 a Norwegian emigrant living in Wisconsin by the name of Conrad Elvehjem, extracted and place a molecule undercoat in the liver as a unsanded vitamin now called niacin. He referred to this vitamin as the pellagra-preventing factor. His isolation of this vitamin right away lead to the cure of pellagra, a disorder I will discuss a little later. Now because of nicotinic acids new put importance it was though appropriate to come up with a new name. ,,,,, The name, as shown here, comes from combining specific letters in nicotinic acid and vitamin.Muscular form Muscle MetabolismNow that weve covered several(prenominal) history, Id like to counter a look at some of the uses of Niacin. ,,,,, Niacin along with some other(prenominal) B vitamins help our bodies metabolize fats and protein, as well as asseverat e healthy skin, eyes, hair and liver. They withal help the nervous system pop off properly. ,,,,, Niacin is the precursor to NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH which are essential electron carriers involved in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle. ,,,,, As you may remember from your high school biology courses, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain are responsible for creating adenosine triphosphate which is our bodys main energy source. Niacin also plays an all important(predicate) role in DNA repair as well as steroidal hormone production from the adrenal glands. ,,,,,, As a prescription, Niacin is prescribed in quantities ranging from 500mg to 5000mg. Niacin is most prevalently used to distribute high cholesterol and it does so by lowering your LDL or bad cholesterol and increasing your HDL or good cholesterol.Because Niacin reduces your LDL and increases your HDL it also helps prevent atherosclerosis or bent of the a rteries when coupled with other medication. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, Niacin is also being tested for the possible treatment and/or prevention of diabetes types one and two as well as for osteoarthritis and Alzheimers disease. risque doses of Niacin provide have its drawbacks so it is crucial to speak to your sophisticate if at all interested in exploring these avenues of treatment.Now that we have an whim as to what Niacin can do, you may be asking what are some common sources of Niacin? ,,,,, Well, Niacin can be found in a wide variety of foods including liver, chicken, fish, milk, eggs, nuts, whole grain products and mushrooms among others. But food is not the only source of Niacin. ,,,,, Many multivitamins have Niacin including centrum, which contains 100 percent of the suggest daily value or 20mg. ,,,,, But, probably the most common source of Niacin amongst todays spring chicken is energy drinks, including red bull and 5 hour energy.In fact 5 hour energy has between 30 to 40mg of Niacin, which is way more than than the average person requires. ,,,,, The suggest daily value of Niacin as per the united states department of agriculture is as follows children 6 to 8 mg per day, for adult males 16mg per day, adult females 14 mg per day, pregnant women 18 mg per day and breastfeeding women 17 mg per day. Now that we know how much Niacin we should be getting daily, lets look at what happens when we get too much or not enough. ,,,,,, Niacin blooming is a distinct redness of the skin caused by the overconsumption of Niacin.This skin superlative is oft accompanied by itching, dry skin and skin rashes including eczema. Niacin flush typically lasts 15 to 30 minutes as Niacin is water system soluble and is thus easily removed from the body through urine. However, not everyone who overdoes on Niacin will experience these symptoms at all. Niacin flush can be minimized or avoided completely by victorious 300mg of aspirin, approxi mately one tablet, half an hour before fetching Niacin, taking one tablet of ibuprofen per day or by taking the Niacin with a meal. ,,,,,, On the other hand a inveterate lack of Niacin can result in mayidism.The most common reasons for this Niacin deficiency are dietary or the result of another disorder, such as Hartnups disease which is a hereditary disease that affects the intestines and kidneys, making it difficult for the body to break down and absorb tryptophan, the aminic acid required for Niacin synthesis. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid meaning it must be ingested it cannot be produced within the body. Pellagra is a disease that was first described in Spain in 1937. Characteristically the victims of Pellagra suffer from what is known as the four Ds which are diarrhea, dermatitis or skin lesions, dementia and death.As previously mentioned the isolation of nicotinic acid in 1937 lead to the eradication of Pellagra in the following years in the form of oral niacin supp lements. There are still some future applications of Niacin in the medical field that have not been fully explored. In the past several minutes you have listened to me maunder about the history, some sources of Niacin, how we as people use Niacin on a daily bases as well as the consequences of a Niacin overdose or deficiency. I really hope you learned something new from all of this and maybe the next time you see your doctor you can discuss how Niacin can best help you.

The Geography of the Cold War: What Was Containment? Essay

It was a glorious meeting. On April 25, 1945, at the Elbe River in Germany, two powerful armies met. flood tide from opposite ends of Europe, the Americans and Russians had cut Hitlers Germany in two. Now at the Elbe, soldiers from the exit Army of the Soviet federation reached out their hands to their American counterparts. It was a time for great happiness. World War II, the deadliest war in all(a) of human history, was nearly over.Unfortunately, the warmth of the handshakes did not last. The Soviet Union and the coupled States had serious differences. Their greatest difference was over a political and economic system called communism.In its pure form, communism is a belief that undercover property should be replaced by community ownership. In the Soviet Union this idea was not easily accepted by the people. Russian leadership Vladmir Lenin and Joseph Stalin were ruthless in their elimination of those who had different ideas about Russias future. It is estimated that in the 1930s, Stalin was responsible for killing more than 10,000,000 Soviet people who he gestate were in his way.Soviet communists did not like capitalism. They opposed private ownership economies of the United States and its allies. Russian leaders believed that capitalism was doomed and that communism would blossom throughout the world. This caused great tension and the emergence of a new descriptor of war, a Cold War. Mistrust ran deep. In the words of Winston Churchill, it was as if an cast-iron curtain had been drawn between the Soviet-controlled countries in Eastern Europe and the westward democracies.The Soviets had suffered terribly in World War II, losing more than 27,000,000 soldiers and civilians. Stalin was determined that Germany would neer be able to strike Russia again. To protect Russia, Stalin wanted a pilot program zone in Eastern Europe. It was no secret that Stalin and his successors wanted to lard the Soviet Empire.

Immigration in the 1920’s

The way people were treated in the primaeval 1920s would be considered revealrageous today, nevertheless the discrimination has not pose to a hault just yet. later on carrying on for long time, immigration laws ar shut up being established today. in-migration has had a huge impact on innovative day America because it created the quota laws, which have successfully helped the immigrants find their bug turn up in this society today, and discrimination has decreased dramatically, but has not obscure itself from this problem completely.The immigrants wanting to come to our country saying our world as a revolutionary start or horizontal a new life for them, thats when 1920s they decided to take immigration laws to the constitutional to keep the massive f busted of people out, In 1919 a explanation was introduced to suspend all immigration entirely while congress worked out a permanent plan for a more than(prenominal) tightly inhibitory policy (Wepman 242). Although thi s law was only temporary, just shortly after more things started changing, Signed by President Harding on whitethorn 19, 1921 called the most valuable turning-point in American immigration history. An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the coupled States. (Wepman 242).The limiting of the immigrants into the United States wasnt the worst part, One of the most dread(a) results of the new quota restrictions was that they made no distinctions for soulal relationships and often seperated families. (Wepman 244). With of the family troubles that the immigrants had to deal with, later the civil war the former slaves began to drift away from the rural south, where more than 90 percent of the black population of the United States had lived in nonmodern era. (Archdeacon 131).Even though right before World War I started, immigration dropped to new embarrasseds.During the 1930s the annual quota was never completely filled, the total add up less than 100,000 a year, and many em igrated out of the country. (Daniels 247). With all these quota laws and such, that didnt jam the discrimination from occurring. Many things with discrimination and the process of going through Ellis Island changed a lot e actuallywhere the 1920s. After World War I the immigration level reached an all time high after the lull during the war. The Immigration Act of 1924 created a permanent quota system (that of 1921 was only temporary), educing the 1921 annual quota from 358,000 to 164,000. (Wepman 243). in conclusion they negotiated enough and got the number of immigrants squander to 154,000.The whole point of the quota acts was to maintain the persona of the United States. Although President Johnson cute to eliminate all immigration not ein truth peerless did, The unions, which had approved Johnsons idea of banning all immigration, accepted it as a good compromise, and the New York Daily news applauded it for its protection of American job market from a flood of aliens willin g to work for low wages. (Wepman 242). Now, as we be in the 21st century, and the economy at one of its lowest points, the immigrants of the world today are lucky to get a job with a minimum wage pay or even a job because of their race.After all these new laws were set, they had to have well-nigh kind of protection to keep the immigrants out, that is when they created Border Patrol. There was an over string up of laborers coming from the South which resulted in the establishment of U. S. Border Patrol on May 8, 1924.The Border Patrol consisted of over 450 officers Their main job was to trip out the Mexican border on horse spur seeking out smugglers and the hiding places of illegal aliens. (Tischauser 100). Not only did they create the Border Patrol, they mad a ten-dollar visa fee with an additional six-dollar head tax for each applicator trying to get through.That new rule alone limited down the number of people to cross the border because only very fewer Mexicans made enough money to pay that fee. During the first three years of operation, the Border Patrol turned keystone an annual average of xv thousand Mexicans seeking illegal entry. (Tischauser 100).These numbers odored great for congress but the number of illegal immigrants started to become outrageously large, Because of such fears, Congress, in 1929, voted to pronged the size of the Border Patrol and leaded a crackdown on illegal entry, and change magnitude Border security. (Tischauser 101). Although the 1920s was filled with glamour, there were other sides to this nation with imposing discrimination and racial issues.The Ku Klux Klan was a racist root of people that would do anything and go to any extreme to get the racial segregation they wanted and the dust coat supremacy.There are over 40 different Klan groups that have antecedently xisted, At first, the Ku Klux Klan focused its anger and violence on African-Americans, on white Americans who stood up for them, and against the federal government which supported their rights. Subsequent incarnations of the Klan, which typically emerged in times of rapid social change, added more categories to its enemies list, including Jews, Catholics, homosexuals, and different groups of immigrants. (Anti-Defamation League).Throughout the years, the Klan had reached over four million members and just as they hit their peak, until people started realizing how racially absurd this group of Klansmen really was.Not shortly after that the Klan had split at the Democratic presidential convention and the public did not heed this very well, by the end of the 20s, a power struggle among the top positions of the Klan caused the group to split. The Klan quickly fizzled out with the conviction of the head of the Indiana Klan. Only a handful of Klansmen was the remainder of the millions that so previously had approved of the Klans violent acts (Keeney).After all was said and done, the simplest way to put the KKK was, they became champions of vigilante justice against bootleggers, wife-beaters, and adulters. (Keeney). Although the Klu Klux Klan saw themselves as protecting the American family (Kenney 1), many of the quota laws would set immigration up to fail. In our society today, we could have possibly reached an all time low in racism. In the state of Arizona, the governor has now passed a very sketchy law, It requires police officers, when practicable, to detain people they reasonably suspect are in the country without authorization and to verify their status with federal officials, unless doing so would hinder an investigation or emergency medical treatment. (New York Times).Having the discrimination fend for in the 1920s has carried on throughout the years, to the point where if a person walking down the street looks slightly Hispanic, police can demand to see documents that prove you are a citizen of this country that we live in. Immigrants back then thought they had it bad, the United States now bring all tha t racial hate back. . Immigration has had a huge impact on modern day America by setting the quota laws, the immigration acts, creating Border Patrol, and by trying to help people realize that even though you are from a different racial descent, you are still just as important as anyone else.Even though people may look at those of different ethnicities as less capable to do your job, they are actually the ones that are doing all the dirty work that we dont want to do, so in the long run, we should be thanking them. Although Arizona has brought rough the discrimination again, mostly throughout the United States people keep their hostile comments to themselves, and you dont really find many gang members out there anymore, but everyone walking down the street should watch their back because you never know whats coming for you.Works CitedArchdeacon, Thomas J. bonnie American. New York The Free Press, 1983Daniels, Roger. Coming to America. New York HarperCollins Publishers, 1990Wepman , Dennis. Immigration From the founding of Virginia to the ratiocination of Ellis Island. New York Facts on rouse Inc. , 2002Strelssguth, Thomas. The Roaring Twenties. New York Facts on File Inc. , 2001Racism in the 1920s The rise of the KKK and anti-immigration. Kim Kenney. 15 January 2009, 2 May 2010. http//americanhistory. suite101. com/article. cfm/racism_in_the_1920sRacial and Ethnic Discrimination 2 May 2010. http//law. jrank. org/pages/9625/Racial-Ethnic-Discrimination. html

Lincoln Electric Essay

capital of Nebraska Electrics CEO Massaro was correct in his assessment that, markets in developing countries would grow faster and yield a high return. This strategy was critical and in alignment with the organizations endeavor to reach 50% foreign sales revenue. As president of Lincoln Asia, Mike Gillespie faces a great challenge with his decision to encrypt the Indonesian market. If Mr. Gillespie does decide to enter Indonesia, he must also decide whether to do it alone or done a conjugation venture, and how to structure employee compensation.It looks uniform Gillespie conducted enough corporate anthropology research to identify viable consumer product necessarily that Lincoln Electric will be able to provide (stick consumables vs. automatonlike consumables segments). I understand that investing in Indonesia offers many benefits to the organization, mostly towards increase profit margins and market share of consumable products (for further information regarding the strate gic planning for entering Indonesia see Exhibit 1).However, in my opinion, Gillespie does not boast enough data to make an informed decision regarding this move. Fear of a rekindled Civil War, uns tabularize inflation rates, and other activities in the country revealed some(prenominal) economic and governmental instability. Other issues to be considered include labor issues of Indonesia 1. I would recommend further market and pagan analysis to aid his decision-making. If Gillespie decides to enter Indonesia, it is my passport to enter with a teammate.I encourage this recommendation because, through his own market analysis and consultation it was identified that due to the political structure a local anesthetic match with in-depth acquaintance, and political connections would be requisite for success. I understand that a joint venture will falloff Lincoln Electrics profit margins, but in my opinion, the joint venture will minimize investment risk, especially if a partner is able to provide capital towards the cost of building a facility. Gillespies choice in partners should be based off of a predefined posture of criteria.These criteria should include current relations/contracts with Lincoln Electric, current market share, knowledge of local market and culture, political and affair contacts. The partner should also realise the ability to withstand any financial risk toward this investment. See table 2 for a breakdown of both potential partners and how they compare to the criteria. I would recommend a joint venture with both companies (Tira and SSHJ). The reason for this recommendation is due to the diverse benefits, which both companies can bring to the venture.However, I aim concerns regarding the loyalty of either partner to the Lincoln Electric brand. If we apply the fond exchange theory to this situation, one could speculate that when more than one partner is included in a business relationship, the loyalty of each business partner may decrea ses due to competition and fear of favoritism 2. It is Gillespies intention to implement a piecework compensation structure and I support this decision. It is also the intent of Lincoln Electric to exceed minimum net profit requirements and prevailing rates.Gillespie has concerns regarding the ability for all employees to meet minimum net exploitation piecework compensation. It is my recommendation to set the minimum daily quota at the minimum wage rate. I would also implement an aggressive performance bonus paying(a) out monthly vs. annual. I would highly recommend further cultural analysis with a focus on time perceptions and labor perceptions of the local culture. The compensation structure should be adjusted as time goes on and favorable trends in compensation are identified.

Current Trends in Leadership Essay

immediately a day drawing cardship argon pursuit a trend of As whiz, which is a short give voice but it is filled with centre and inspiration. In simple sense As one means to sum up the soul actions into collective power. fit in to the article individuals can collaborate to achieve extraordinary results together. Every day people meet, collaborate from different countries, organizations and industries so that to make the things happen. In this, some(a) collaborations are unintentional, some are deliberately or sometimes it uses network technologies. But the basic fundamental reason behind these collaborations or functional as one phenomenon is to experience a winning adjoin.And this winning edge is usu on the wholey determined by the organization that crush works as one. Leaders read added the phrase as one which has changed its meaning completely. For e.g. running(a), it is an individual action but when it is connected with as one the entire meaning of both word and t he phrase has changed, i.e. working as one, which shows the power of collectivism in an organization. Similarly winning versus winning as one, stronger versus stronger as one. Now they know that sources of inspirations are endless, estimable think of the possibilities and view as one, watch as one. The definition of leadershiphip is evolving, such as* Some assure leadership is entirely about productivity, making employees work together efficiently. They enounce that capacious leader should get people to have a coarse interpretation around how to work together. * Some say leadership is all about people. They say a leaders job is to come up peoples sense of belonging to their group. They believe a large(p) leader should get people to have a strong divided identity or sense of who they are. * Some say leadership is all about purpose.They feel a leaders job is to toil peoples commitment to act on the name and addresss of the organization. A great leader gets people to hav e a strong sense of guiding intensity around what they need to do together. But a accepted leader should involve all these things. Some leaders call it working as one and it represents the pinnacle of collective leadership, or leadership that results in a cohesive group of people working together efficaciously toward a common goal or purpose. As one whitethorn seem primarily available to leaders and their teams, but it doesnt just have to be about internal interactions. The concept is a get-go point for all leaders to understand how they can apply specific collective leadership techniques to best fit their situations and challenges.* Employees Trust in his Leader2One out of four employees do non avow their leader. What leaders do so that their employees swear them? And how they know that whether their employees trust him or non? A leader should have answers for these questions. As a leader, you cant afford to avoid trust between you and your employees or teammates. A escape of trust in leader results in negative impact on staff retention, employee well being and accomplishment. Trust requires a person to have reliance and confidence in the actions of another, with no guarantee that he/she entrust behave as desire in return. When applied to leadership, trust is a persons willingness to take a risk for a leader with the expectations that, in exchange, the leader will behave in some desired way. To maximize the trust leaders receive from their employees, they demonstrate three qualities. 1. competency (Can they do the job?)2. Benevolence (Do they care about me?) and3. Integrity (Are they frank?).Integrity is the most important part at 41 percent, the benevolence at 34 percent, then competence at 25 percent. When the goal is to maximize the trust, leaders must know how to do their jobs well, but it is rase more important for them to be considerate, supportive and honest with their employees. Leaders not only demonstrate these three qualities- honest , benevolent and competent, but they have in like manner try to be seen to be so. Now leaders show trust in people around them. They listen to their employees, empathize with them, show their interrelate for the employees, are honest with them, true to their word, and treat them fairly. Leaders actively rule how they are perceived by others.They try to connect their employees at a personal level, which could be as simple as shaking pass on with them. There are clear links between professional pitying capital management (HCM) best practices (such as mission statements, regular surveys and performance reviews) and trust in leadership. These practices, typically of progressive organizations, and are similarly tie in to levels of trust in leadership. Employees are twice as likely to trust their senior leaders if the organization has engaged in these practices. And the more of these best practices that the organization engages in, the greater the level of employee trust in leaders hip.ConclusionOn the basis of the studies, I came to know that different leaders are following different trends in their leadership techniques. So there is no mark off trend for leadership. Also different people have different intellection about their leaders. But what I realized from my learning on these articles that to have a winning and competitive edge, organizations require leaders who can inspire, motivate, direct, and so forth their employees to achieve the companys goal effectively and efficiently. Leaders should also build their trust on employees, so that they can trust and believe their leaders for better outcomes and staff retention. Also I came to know that leaders are practicing to work in a team and currently they are using a trend of As one, that is whole organization is one and they are having a common goal, objective and vision.Sources1. Leadership Excellence, Art. Collective leadership, march 2012 2. Leadership Excellence, Art. How to gain trust?, May 2012

Letter from Birmingham Jail Argument

Letter from Birmingham remand argument quiz In Martin Luther King Jr. s essay Letter From Birmingham Jail he makes the claim that It is a historical concomitant that privileged groups seldom tump over up their privileges voluntarily. Individuals may see the lesson light and voluntarily give who their unjust posture, butgroups tend to be more immoral than individuals, (paragraph 12). This means that those who come from privileged groups tend non to give up their privileges. Which is completely true, hence is why I specify with his statement.King lived in the 1960s and was a anti-segregationist activists. Also he was a constituent of the clergy and a very influential member in our American history. In the 60s blacks and whites were separated in everything they did, from schooling all the way down to restrooms and piddle fountains. It was a unfair and unjust time period for the oppressed blacks. Which is why King was in jail to begin with, and also why he wrote his letter in re sponse to the clergyman. Kings statement about how the privileged atomic number 18 not quick to give up their privileges is evident throughout our history.When the slaves in America were enslaved the white slaveholders who were clearly privileged were not quick to give up their ownership over theses people, in fact they crimson went to war over this issue. The Germans, in Nazi Germany were not quick to revolt against the Nazis because their precedent allowed them even greater privileges. In fact, I would argue that those who be a part of a privileged group will even power towards immoral actions to greater their privileges. Personally speaking as a private-enterprise(a) dancer I have seen an example of this first hand. The more property you put into the sport it is evident that you get out more.And the dancers parents who put in more money expect more, even if their child is completely un-talented. These dancers whom are clearly privileged when asked if they will trade a fro nt line of descent in a dance for the back because little Susie never gets to be in the front will simple scoff at even the idea. People who are privileged do not even whop what it is like to work hard to earn your blessings, and that is what us wrong with our origination today. Kings argument about those who are privileged is evident throughout manhood history and continues onto modern day. Those who are given more will not hand over what has been granted to them.

Inquirer is the leading broadsheet in the Philippines Essay

questioner is the lead-in broadsheet in the Philippines. In 2001, it launched Libre, a free tabloid distributed in the MRT-LRT atomic number 18a. It was an unprecedented move of a study daily giving international their vernalfoundspaper on weekdays and recovering cost solely from advertising r even outue. recall the MRT-LRT site and discuss and explain your answers to the followingBackground questioner Libre (Inquirer Free) is a free, bilingual (Filipino and English) tabloid published in the Philippines. It is published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer and is considered a trimmed-down version of the Philippine Daily Inquirer that is distributed on public transport. It is getable in all stations of LRT, MRT and PNR, WGA Eva Macapagal sort in Metro Manila, as well as selected branches of McDonalds. Unlike some early(a) Philippine tabloids, Inquirer Libre seeks to provide commuters access to decent, useful and meaningful news and accredited events. The income generated f rom distributing Inquirer Libre comes from advertising. a.What was the under serviced and unserved marketplace Inquirer was trying to splatter? Underserved utilize to describe a place, market, etc. where fewer goods and serv frostings ar available than there should be. Unserved there is totally no goods and services available for the people. makeA.The Inquirer created first a market niches that identified the needs or wants of the maneuver market that were poorly addressed or non at all by their competitors. These niches showed them the underserved and unserved market which was composed of the commuters of the MRT-LRT stations with 500, 000 aver senesce commuters per day, even greater than its intended capacity. Its a very diversed public which involves students, big businessman clerks, professionals, etc. who rode holds everyday in their way to school, work, and their destinations. This people were always in a hurry and therefore have no time to exact the news. Their a ge ranges from 18-40 years old.B.There are numerous management concepts to have from. For instance, corecompetency espouses that the companys assets or strengths be the building block of analysis bit constancy analysis advocates that competition be the whole of analysis. Then there is also market-driven system that promotes customers in the center of outline while market-driving strategy focuses on underserved and unserved markets as unit of analysis for strategy.A popular concept, Blue Ocean Strategy, is considered a subset of market-driving strategy since it entails two special requirements, other than new demand, that of creating differentiation and being low-cost. One critique rough contemporary marketing practitioners is that they are actually market-driven strategists, who may non richly understand the principles, frameworks and concepts of market-driving strategy to grow the brand and the business long-term, hence, their tools are ofttimes short-term, brand switch ing tactics, intentional to gain market trades.If the companys reward system is aligned with desired strategic thinking, then market penetration, in addition to market shares, would have to be imposed by management as part of its key result areas. Without a market-driving strategy, a marketing plan focusing solely on the served market is incomplete as it risks losing the underserved or unserved markets, many times, even bigger than the current served customers.In Mansmith and Fielders Inc., market-driving strategy is peg downd as embracing innovative changes in the logic of labor and business system to grow its moolah and industrys demand from underserved and unserved markets. The goal is not incremental but strategic step-up and has three different levels level 1 is nigh a major(ip) change in shelter hint more(prenominal) than a major change in business system level 2 is about a major change in business system more than a major change in value bid while level 3 is about a major change in value proposition coup take with a major change in business system.Selecta ice cream by Walls is an sheath of level 1 market-driving strategy. Selecta is the dominant brand of ice cream in the Philippines, but it was not so a few years ago, as it was neck-to-neck with Nestle. Problematic with declining industry demand, the marketers went on to ask mothers whatthey liked to serve during birthdays and what they actually served. The result of their insighting led them to launch Selectas 3-in-1 ice cream, combining three of the favorite ice cream flavors in a tub at an affordable price. With this commodious success that turned around shrinking industry demand, they even prolonged to four flavors with 3-in-1 plus 1, wanting to own the term 3-in-1. Meantime, Nestle was not able to immediately respond with the new value proposition of Selecta, as they did not have the technical schoolnology to do 3-in-1.Mothers were keen they were able to serve what they really liked to serve, children were happy with each of their favorite flavors, while fathers were happy too with a cost-saving solution, improving not however companys sales but also industry demand in the process, suck uping many lapsed customers to return. water Philippines is an example of level 2 market-driving strategies where there is a major change in the business system more than the value proposition. (Disclaimer Waters Philippines is owned by the author.) It markets Waters Bio Mineral Pot, a subvention home water purifiermineralizeralkaline maker that is leader in its segment. Waters used to be sold in appliance and other retail stores on cash basis in the late 80s and early 90s however, its festering was constrained with its inability to explain the product features and benefits of the high end products in stores.This led to stores requiring them to go on promotional sale, with the additional problem of the icy cost of hiring its own promo girls and the automatic termination o f these promo girls in five months just when their competency is peaking. Waters then decided to create its own freelance direct sales force who were able to go direct to the customers (instead of hold for them to go to the retail stores) to promote the product, backed with instalment plans that nearly matches what consumers typically pay monthly for water delivered by their water refill stations. The installment plans allowed more affordability for the consumers while enhancing the business opportunity for its sales network. Today, Waters Philippines is expanding to Indonesia to tap into a bigger combined market.Inquirer Libre is an example of level 3 market-driving strategy, which saw a major change in value proposition coupled with a major change in business system. As the leading broadsheet in the Philippines, Inquirer wanted to broaden its readership old bag to include younger consumers, so in November2001, it launched Inquirer Libre. The Inquirers mother brand gave the new tabloid-size newspaper immediate credibility among its train riders. Libre (meaning free in English) is a complimentary morning daily that is fundamental in entertainment and with a lot of light, human interest articles designed to be read in 15 minutes. Instead of selling the newspaper, it gave remote Libre for free.Instead of tapping newspaper dealers, it went straight to consumers by way of self-service pick-up stations, hence, avoiding tralatitious trade margins and sales returns (after all, its a free paper). Instead of viewing half new women targeting blue-collar workers, it decided to be a vigorous paper targeting the young w bumblee-collar workers. Hence, instead of the usual readers in their 30s to 40s, Libre readers are mostly in their 20s not known to be newspaper buyers. This is an example of category point-of-entry marketing that will eventually turn some of the current Libre readers to broadsheet readers in the future. As can be seen from above, the three levels of market-driving strategy help companies think strategically, looking beyond the value proposition to include their value chaininstead of plainly being better, it strives to innovate by being different.C.Many tabloids in the country have been operating for a long time on a formula of scandalous attention-grabbing headlines and photos of provocative girls on the front page. One tabloid, Inquirer Libre, decided to take a different route. Using market-driving strategies,Inquirer Libre presented its product differently while targeting a new market. As explained by marketing guru Josiah Go of Mansmith and Fielders, Inc., market-driving strategies, the latest buzzword in market orientation, call for a breaking of the rules and changing the value proposition or business system or both to grow profit and demand from new and marginal customers. (See previous post here.) Inquirer Libre is a morning tabloid featuring short news and feature articles that can be read in 15 minutes. However, G o points out that unlike the other tabloids, it is given for free at MRT stations. There are no photos of naked women the total package is wholesome.The target market consists of office people in their 20s and 30s on their way to work. Instead of tapping thetraditional newspaper dealers, Libres new channel is in the various train stations. This means no dealer trade margin and no sales returns, says Go. Inquirer Libre also has a classified ads page that runs every Thursday, a new reason for the target market to read it. As a result of the market-driving strategies (give it out for free, go wholesome, go direct to the market at train stations, offer classifieds), Inquirer Libre is the leading free tabloid in Metro Manila and hit its ROI fast. Are you looking for a way to survive the cut-throat competition? Market-driving strategies may be the answer.A TOTAL of threethat was the number of enrollees R. A. Gapuz Review focalise (RAGRC) had back in 1994 when they opened, offering criti que classes for those taking government plug-in exams. But this did not deter founder Ray Gapuz from persevering in his then newly established business. Nowadays, their number of enrollees are in the thousands, so much so, that round off and coaching sessions have to be scheduled in hotel ballrooms, mall cinemas and even big events places such as the Philippine internationalistic Convention Center and Araneta Coliseum. And get thisreview classes are also beamed via major planet to other venues in the country. Of line of business, online review jobs are also offered. Today RAGRC is the market leader among nursing review centers, getting the lions share of 40 percent of the market among 55 documented review centers, fit to its website.Just how did RAGRC succeed? Josiah Go, marketing guru and chairman of Mansmith and Fielders, Inc., points to market-driving strategies applied by the company. Market-driving strategies define how a firm will embrace innovative changes in the indus try logic and business system to grow its profit and industrys demand from marginal and non-customers, says Go. To do this, innovations may be implemented in the value proposition (what the company may offer customers), the business system, or both. Here are steps RAGRC took to succeed 1. Give a new value proposition by Offering an intensive 10-day review course at 8 hours a day aside from the traditional 6-month review course at 3 times a week.The shorter review course allows nursing graduates to find work while providing RAGRC faster turnaround. Holding review classes in hotels and malls instead of cramped classrooms. Presenting the curriculum according to diseases regardless of age to remove any duplication encountered when doingit by specialization. This is well appreciated by the reviewees. 2. Innovate the business system by Going high tech and livening up review classes by holding it game show bolt and offering stimulating card games as reinforcement. This prevents boredo m from setting in. Market-driving strategies are all about changing the rules of the game in order to attract new demand. They may just be what your company needs to be profitable and stay profitable. Josiah Go is conducting a seminar dubbed Market-Driving Strategies Executive Workout on June 25-26 in Makati City and on July 14-15 in Cebu City. E-mail infomansmith.net for details.

Reading comprehension Essay

Types of see Maija MacLeod pic In this Page Overview intense Reading broad Reading Intensive and Extensive Reading Together s slew Skimming Scanning and Skimming Together References pic Overview Several types of narration may occur in a manner of speaking classroom. One way in which these may be categorized , as suggested by Brown (1989) can be outlined as follows A. Oral B. Silent I.Intensive a. lingual b. content II. Extensive a. skimming b. scanning c. globular The front eminence that can be made is whether the recitation is oral or soundless. This nett page impart non deal with oral translation, only silent reading. Within the category of silent reading, star encounters intensive and extended reading.Intensive reading is utilize to teach or hold specific reading strategies or skills. The schoolbook is hardened as an end in itself. Extensive reading on the other hand, needs reading of large quantities of material, directl y and fluently. It is treated as a means to an end. It may accept reading reading simply for pleasure or reading technical, scientific or maestro material. This later type of text, more academic, may involve two specific types of reading, scanning for key details or skimming for the essential meaning.A relatively quick and efficient read, every on its own or after scanning or skimming, will give a global or general meaning. This web page then will first examine intensive reading. The second position will deal with extensive reading, with a focus on how it results in a general or global meaning. The fourth part gives a short comment on how intensive and extensive reading may operate in the similar class. The fourth part examines scanning and the fifth, scanning. A final sixth part comments on how scanning and skimming may be used in the same reading. pic Intensive Reading In this section What it is How it looks -Characteristics -Materials -Skills developed -Act ivities -Assessment When it is used Role of the teacher Advantages Disadvantages Questions sometimes asked What it is Brown (1989) explains that intensive reading calls economic aid to grammatical forms, discourse markers, and other surface structure details for the direct of transforming literal meaning, implications, rhetorical relationships, and the like. He unravels an analogy to intensive reading as a zoom lens strategy . Long and Richards (1987) adduce it is a detailed in-class analysis, led by the teacher, of vocabulary and grammar points, in a short passage. Intensive Reading, sometimes called Narrow Reading, may involve students reading selections by the same author or several texts around the same topic. When this occurs, content and grammatical structures repeat themselves and students get many opportunities to understand the meanings of the text.The success of Narrow Reading on improving reading inclusion is found on the premise that the more fa miliar the reader is with the text, either due to the subject matter or having read other kit and caboodle by the same author, the more comprehension is promoted. How it looks Characteristics usually classroom based reader is intensely involved in looking inside the text students focus on linguistic or semantic details of a reading students focus on surface structure details such as grammar and discourse markers students identify keyvocabulary students may draw pictures to aid them (such as in problem solving) texts ar read cautiously and thoroughly, again and again aim is to build more language noesis rather than simply practice the skill of reading seen more normally than extensive reading in classrooms Materials usually very short texts not more than 500 words in length chosen for aim of tryingy and usually, by the teacher chosen to provide the types of reading and skills that the teacher wants to cover in the course Skills developed rapid reading practic e interpreting text by using -word attack skills -text attack skills -non-text cultivation Activities Intensive reading exercises may include looking at main(prenominal) compositions versus details understanding what is implied versus stated making inferences looking at the disposition of information and how it effects the message identifying words that connect one idea to other identifying words that indicate change from one section to another Munby (1979) suggests four categories of questions that may be used in intensive reading. These include Plain Sense to understand the factual, exact surface meanings in the text Implications to make inferences and become sensitive to emotional tone and figurative language Relationships of thought between sentences or paragraphs .Projective requiring the integration of information from the text to ones own background information Note that questions may glow into more than one category. . Assessment Assessm ent of intensive reading will take the form of reading tests and quizzes. The most common systems of questioning are multiple-choice and free-response. Mackay (1968) , in his book Reading in a second gear Language, reminds teachers that the most important object in the reading class should non be the testing of the student to see if they have understood. Teachers should, instead, be outgo most of the time training the student to understand what they read. When it is used when the objective of reading is to achieve full understanding of logical argument rhetorical pattern of text emotional, symbolic or social attitudes and purposes of the author linguistic means to an end for study of content material that are difficult .

Fossil Fuels: Developing Nations Look to Future Technologies for Energy Independence

The ara is currently going by means of paradigm shift for large plateful animation toil. As a growing multitude of deal, globally, ar plugging in, that muscle comes from technologies that were basic developed in the 19th century. Renewable pushing projects are outpacing dodo fuels and plummeting prices is causing motivation to grow exp whizzntially.Despite efforts to change upon the antiquated design of heat source, roil water, steam, turbine, sinew, to squeeze out and refreshing up as much blacken and oil as possible, renewable zero technology needed to be developed, mass produced, and installed on a colossal scale to overtake the chinchy operations embody combust has held for over a century. Taking a systematic approach, I entrust bring to attention the global efficiency revolution that is transforming the lives for billions of lot.Likewise, I will address some of the common stigmas of size, jobs output signal, health effects of fogy fuels, and which c ountries are leading the largest efforts in industrial scale renewable energy product. Lastly, I will close with energy estimations into the prospective and what it means for renewable energies as they inherit a larger type in the energy landscape.Leading into 2018, renewable energy is now cheaper and to a greater extent cost effective than fossil fuels, which data illustrates a decade of pooh-pooh in fossil fuels for developed nations, but moreover that ontogeny nations are now leap frogging fossil fuels in spending, taking advantage of the global cheaper cost of renewable energy.Table 1 international Pricing and combust to Oil Consumption and out whirlSource BP, 67th Annual Review of Global Coal ConsumptionCITATION Bri18 p 36,38-39 l 1033 (British petroleum BP 36,38-39)Pricing index for global acquire of ember US Dollars per ton Northwest Europe US important Appalachian Japan Steam China Qinhuangdao Marker Price severalize Price Index Spot CIF Price Spot Price2007 88.7 9 49.73 95.59 61.232011 121.52 84.75 126.13 127.272012 92.50 67.28 100.30 111.892017 84.51 63.83 96.02 94.72Coal Consumption gazillion tons oil equivalent2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017US 544 535 471 498 470 416 431 430 372 340 332China 1584 1609 1685 1748 1903 1927 1969 1954 1914 1889 1892India 240 259 280 290 304 330 352 387 395 405 424Japan 117 120 101 115 109 115 121 119 119 118 120Coal payoff Million tons oil equivalent2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017US 558 566 513 523 528 491 475 482 426 348 371Russia 143 149 141 151 157 168 173 176 186 194 206Australia 227 234 242 250 245 265 285 305 306 307 297China 1439 1491 1537 1665 1851 1873 1894 1864 1825 1691 1747India 210 227 246 252 250 255 255 269 281 284 294Ind wizsia 127 141 151 162 208 227 279 269 272 268 271Energy and politics often go hand-in-hand, and one of the stronger talking points by many politicians is the continued growth and riding habit of coal as a primary source for f orce. During the 2016 US presidential elections, this was horizontal a main talking point by then fuckingdidate Trump. But how much of that is really true?In reality, coal exercise has declined by 40% in the unify States, from 2007-2017, despite this reduction, coal and ingrained gas still make up 64% of the energy produced in the United StatesCITATION Man16 p 529 l 1033 (Mantel 529). Table one curtesy of British Petroleum did a cost analysis and oil to coal equivalent use for all nations. The price of coal is increasing globally and regressing back to prices seen in 2012 shortly after their big top cost in 2011CITATION Bri18 p 36 l 1033 (British Petroleum BP 36).These are the top producing and consuming nations in the world for coal. Table one highlights over a ten- class period (2007-2017) the United States had declined in coal economic consumption and production with a small uptick in production in 2017. This uptick could factor from political acts in office and relaxat ion of environmental regulations and controls.While developing nations show continued growth in coal consumption with China leading by a wide margin, peak consumption happening in 2013. India is continuing year after year steady growth, this is in line with the population and infrastructure modernization efforts.Detractors for fossil fuels will argue that this is because fossil fuels are cheap to produce and employ and as such should remain the primary preference for energy production as the Earth has still hundreds of old age-worth and those in the future will figure out something that works. Well a quick response to that short-sighted answer, is the sun has billions of years remaining the technology for energy extraction is here now. However, data derived from Bloomberg statesThe capital of Kentucky School, Renewable Cost Database of the International Agency for Renewable Energy (IRENA) and UN milieu puts fossil fuels generated energy costs in the range of $49 and $174 per MW h (Megawatt hours) in G20 energy markets in 2017. Over a comparable period, renewable energy production came in between $35 and $54 per MWhCITATION Gau18 l 1033 (Sharma). found on the data, no matter how a public relations employee of usher in fossil fuel corporation here tries to spin the information, renewables are considerably cheaper, and prices continue to fall. This dismantle cost also allows for power companies to build larger renewable energy plants or cheaper plants that pass the savings to the customer.Critics for fossil fuels despite the data and rise that renewable energies are more cost effective will then lament about the jobs created by the fossil fuel fabrication and people who have no other skills and are unable to learn something new. This over again is a fallacy as the fastest growing segment in the energy industry for jobs growth is renewable energy. When compared against gigawatt hour energy production the two forms of energy producing technologies show ord ers of magnitude difference in favor for renewable energiesThe number of jobs directly created from generating electricity via solar and wind power is 10-60 jobs/GWh. This is significantly more jobs than are created through investments in conventional energy technology such as coal (0.3 jobs/GWh) and natural gas (0.1 jobs/GWh)CITATION Emi17 l 1033 (Noordeh).The size and scope that developing nations are applying towards renewable energy projects is in the billions of dollars. China is leading the way by sterilizeting the record in 2017 with a staggering 126.6 billion USD CITATION Ren18 p 140 l 1033 (REN21 140). Chinas investment in renewable energy is serving two purposes though. The first as demonstrated to the world in the 2008 summer Olympics is the abysmal rail line quality around Chinas capital Beijing.Decades of manufacturing and industry growth combined with short(p) to no environmental regulation has led to China claiming the title for poorest demeanor quality in the wo rld. As it stands, Air pollution kills 3.3 million people a year world-wide, including 55,000 Americans, according to a new study by an international group of scientists CITATION Ada15 p 961 l 1033 (A dekametres 961). Continuing bulge the path of fossil fuels will lead to environmental catastrophe, one that uncomplete China nor the world can afford.The second reason is economies of scale. China has over a billion people and be able to sufficiently fork over reliable power to them and future generations is a daunting challenge. With renewable energies being cheaper than fossil fuels, and construction-to-operations time being significantly less, China can crop up supplying stable energy to its population and prevent spikes in prices and require as regions continue to grow. As China and India move to stabilize and improve their electrical grid, this affords their populations to grow from an average household annual energy consumption rate of1,600 KWh in 2011 to 2,000KWh in 2016. By contrast the average US household consumes roughly 12,000KWh annually in 2016 and is the worlds foremost consumer of electricity all followed by the marrow East. Currently the average global household energy consumption for 2016 is 3,800 KWh.CITATION Ren18 p 169 l 1033 (REN21 169)Renewable energy production and plummeting cost has countries you might not consider building in clean energy plants in record numbers. In the Middle East there is a new energy boom happening with truly transformative scale in solar plants as they are setting the stage to provide clean power to their nation and the surrounding region for the 21st and 22nd century. The Middle East, oil capital of the world is preparing to continue to export energy as a trade after oil the runs out.Major economies of scale started in 2017 including a 200MW solar plant completed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi-Arabian Arabia completed a 300MW solar plant with the announcement in January 2018 that they were su pplying a 3.3GW plant to be constructed and operational in one yearCITATION Ren18 p 95 l 1033 (REN21 95) Costs per KWh for these power plants have also set records for being the cheapest price to buy. For a size comparison the average US coal power plant is 50MW, while if you wanted to achieve one gigawatt or more you needed a nuclear power plant.So where does that leave wind energy? Globally, since 2007 wind energy has grown from 94GW to 539GW in 2017 with China producing roughly 190GW of energy, blowing away its next nearest competitor the United States who produced 85GW in the same timeframe CITATION Ren18 p 109-110 l 1033 (REN21 109-110).Not to be detoured but for size and scope of renewable energy, if the wind energy produced in the United States would have been globally right-downed by state, Texas were a country, it would rank sixth worldwide for cumulative capacity. Wind power accounted for nearly 15% of electricity generation in the state during 2017CITATION Ren18 p 111-11 2 l 1033 (REN21 111-112).Across the globe counties that could not develop large enough solar arrays due to either space or location, have found unique success in wind turbine utilization. Many counties that have a marge line are opting for massive off-shore wind farms leveraging the ocean winds with no impact on the land mass of that country.As renewable energy prices continue to dive because of mass production, adoption, and economies of scale more developing nations will see this as a viable resource. The stigma surrounding renewable energy as a fringe or small-scale resource have been shattered and every argument from the fossil fuel industry has been debunked and laid to rest, people are realizing that it is time to move to a better, unspotted form of energy generation.Not only for themselves but for their children as well, corporate trust to this is the ability to build anywhere and on a scale that can meet the needs of the people in that particular region. With some develop ing countries having little to no infrastructure and having their only option being the cheapest product, they are then left with two choices, wind or solar.This will in effect cause them to adopt and leapfrog 20th century industrial age energy production methods involving fossil fuels, while continued suppling of fossil fuels for energy production is not beneficial and leaves developing nations beholden to remote nations and that could become a national security risk. This will provide them with a freedom to choose and build how their energy infrastructure looks and in turn teaches the next generations how to improve and make it better for their kids.Works CitedBIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Jill U. Air taint and Climate Change. CQ Researcher 13 Nov 2015 pp. 961-84. library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqreserr2015111300.British Petroleum BP. Coal BP Statisical Review of globe Energy 67th Edition. BP Statisical Review of World Energy 67th Edition (2018) pp. 35-40. https//www.bp.com/content/da m/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-coal.pdf. 12 09 2018.Mantel, Barbra. Coal Industrys Future. CQ Researcher 17 June 2016 pp. 529-52. library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2016061700.Noordeh, Emil. Leapfrogging colly Energy in Developing Nations. 05 11 2017. http//large.stanford.edu/. http//large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/noordeh1/. 12 09 2018.REN21. Renewables 2018 Global placement Report. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (2018) pp. 95, 109-112, 140, 169. http//www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/17-8652_GSR2018_FullReport_web_final_.pdf.Sharma, Gaurav. Production Cost Of Renewable Energy Now Lower Than Fossil Fuels. 24 04 2018. https//www.forbes.com. https//www.forbes.com/sites/gauravsharma/2018/04/24/production-cost-of-renewable-energy-now-lower-than-fossil-fuels/7cc5b68d379c. 12 09 2018.

Regency Plaza Case Study †Risk Management Process, Review of the Options Essay

3. Risk Management Process of the Regency shoes ensureRegency Plaza is a mixed-use multi cardinal US dollar final cause withstanding quite exalted stakes. So the insecuritys of it should be evaluated beforehand and managed well in order to experience sure that the project wouldnt everywhere run reckon or time and end with a successful result. Here we use the iv Stage Risk Management Process to evaluate the risk care happened in Regency Plaza project.3.1 Risk IdentificationEvaluation how well the project was analyzed and source of the risk set.In the below table we pass on take a closer look at how well the risk was determine by Kris Hodgkins.Description place/Not Constraints and Remarkssizing the layout of the floor plate Identified Complicated due to condominiums lying over the hotel rooms over a parking garage, which resulted in fixed newspaper column spacing and elevator core locations. Number, mix and size of the condominium units Identified BRA approved maximum number of units to be built was 96, which Hodgkins chose oppose Farley, the selling consultants idea of building spacious 72 units because of Hodgkins expected performance targets of $134.4 million gross sales and $26 million net profit out of the project. Time Constraints Not identified Project was on a tight schedule as Kelly Constructions was convinced to blow off 03 month from the estimated 32 months of the project duration, with a promise of marginal changes to the original purpose.Eventually with the allowance of individual customization in the units, clients (i.e Millers) overlookd forceful changes. Manpower deficiency Not identified Neither RHG nor Hodgkins expect customers to require big alterations. But customers did, causing constant changes in the project design decreasing manpower and efficiency of the construction. Extra Costs and Delays Not identified RHG allowed customers to modify theirunits as they please as long as they accept for additional cost but custo mers asked for big modifications, the cost for purposeless materials and trim cost for demolition and delays in construction would go upon oecumenic asseverator since they got the project on fixed sum contract. External Factors Not identified It is mentioned that in later build in the project, sales were low and the local economy was weakening. Customer Dissatisfaction/Complaints Not identified With the deficit manpower and budget encroach upon, service became slow causing several demoralizeer complaints.3.2 Risk judgementBelow is a table for assessing the above-identified risks.Risk Likelihood to occur pretend Effect on the project 1. Issues regarding size of the layout and floor plate received gritty Project design is affected because of the constraints. 2. Decisions on number, mix and units of condo to be sold Certain High If 96 units of condominiums to be sold, they would emergency better marketing and excellent finishing touches.If 72 units to be sold, condo sales might non hit targets Hodgkins was supposed to hit. 3. Time constraints (Project locomote behind schedule) High High Delayed project meant pleonastic cost, which goat frustrate the ordinary contractor and customers 4. Manpower deficiency Medium High Deficit manpower shoots to slower work completion and project travel behind schedule 5. Extra costs and delays Medium High for General contractor, Medium for RHG and High for the project As the General contractor whole works for Fixed Sum Contract extra costs, which exceeds budget, would go from their profit. Delays would cause customer satisfaction and loss of sales 6. External factors Low Medium As the target market is wealthy couples, factors like Economy wouldnt case much so would non affect sales in a drastic manner 7. Customer Dissatisfaction Medium Medium This might lead to loss of some sales/ potential customers because Hodgkins marketing strategy is member of mouth and disgruntled customers wouldnt recommend the co ndos to their friends/family3.4 Risk chemical reaction emergenceAs mentioned above, many of the risks were highly likely to occur. Should any of those occur, its lastly project managers task to switch a fortuity plan, which Hodgkins didnt have. She also made wrong assumptions in the planning phase of the project thinking that customers would require only minimal changes that wouldnt halt construction process. As mentioned above some risks posted threat to Hodgkins marketing strategy as well but she didnt consider the risks and lastly failed in developing Risk Response program.3.5 Risk Response lockAs a result of not having a Risk Response plan, Hodgkins could not reduce the impact or the effect those even sots had on the project. It is authoritative that, she had to manage a multi-faceted project but she wasnt able to even reduce the additional cost, which was occurring due to her planning and marketing failures, and the deadline being overrun due to various delays.4. Review of The OptionsOption Advantages DisadvantagesInform the Millers that its in like manner late to allow changes * No extra costs for General contractor * No construction delays * Millers are able to make the changes themselves * Millers would be dissatisfied * Careful coordination is required * Sprinkler changes could shut down the entire floor raise up through the changes * Minimizes the work which have to be ripped out * If the cost is acceptable Millers will be satisfied * Its expensive to put a unit on hold * Can take several weeks * It could in return increase the cost to a point where Millers will not be happy with the cost Hire a small general contractor to finish the unit * Changes required can be through with(p) * No extra cost for the general contractor * Construction would not be delayed * Managing two general contractors * Possibility of violence and malicious mischief* Could be expensive * Kelly Contractors would give a very small realisation for the work make and materials purchased * Arguments over the responsibility of punch listitems infract the work on the unit and hand it over to Millers * Millers are in take hold of the cost and the work to be done * No extra cost for the general contractor * Most banks wouldnt accommodate modify against the unit * Can shrink the target market * Reduces RGHs control over the project * Impact on continuing construction trading operations on a building which also held a luxury hotel head for the hills Millers to a divers(prenominal) unit on the higher floor * Would buy more than time * No need to restructure whats already been applied * Construction of other floors are undisrupted * There was no equal unit available on a higher floor * internal designers work will go in vapid and would have to redesign * Higher floor units are pricierAll elections carry advantages as well as plenty of inconveniences but the best option as our point of view would be moving Millers to a different floorMoving t he Millers to a higher floor would buy more time so the cost of the changes can be assessed and approved by the Millers. As theres no interior work done on units on the higher floors there wont be any requirements to demolish anything or to put construction of other units/floors on hold, which would content the general contractor and also Millers can achieve the changes they wishing after approving the cost. There will be no wasted materials also. This option is more advantages because it would keep the general contractor content with the project.On a disadvantageous note, theres the possibility that Millers might deny the option as units on the higher floors are expensive and not identical with the unit they chose and also if Millers chose the unit, their interior designer might have the rework her designs which would cost Millers more. But given the good points and bad points, this option remains as the most feasible one.

Box Reliquary of the True Cross and Other Byzantium Devotional Art

This dainty thump, currently exhibited in the Metropolitan M white plagueum of Art in New York, was make in Constantinople (Byzantium, now Istanbul) in the new-fangled eighth or early 9th century. Such relics argon said to thrust ho utilize the pieces of the consecutive deny, which was allegedly discovered in the 4th century by revere Helena, m new(prenominal) of the basic christian Roman emperor Constantine (New York Met Museum, 2005). During the time of the hold urine of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Constantinople was to become the largest Christian city in the Christian world.It managed to fend off attacks from the Arabs with its superior navy and Greek methods of warfare (Ellie Crystal, involved Empire, 1995 2005). This thump survived the photographoclast Crisis in the 8th century, when Emperor social lion lead banned all activity involving idol worship. All sculptures and icons containing images saints and opposite spectral luminaries were ordered to be de stroyed, and the plainly symbols allowed to be used for religious reverence, were that of plants and birds or the click.Prior to the crisis, however, much(prenominal) reliquaries were really general for the safe retentiveness of pieces of the True Cross or the bones of saints, and were very common at the time. The iconoclasm was a very violent and turbulent time in Byzantium due to the zealotry of Leo third and his differences with the Patriarch of the time and according to various account, Leo triad took a volcanic eruption on the island of Thera as a menage of Gods wrath over idolatry in the church building (Wikipedia). It was during the ban of religious icons that the Patriarch of Constantinople, Germanus I, was removed or resigned his post.Meanwhile, in the westerly of Byzantium, Pope Gregory III condemned Leo IIIs decisions and actions and held two synods at Rome, publicly denouncing the iconoclasm. In retaliation, Leo III seized papal lands as healthful as raided ch urches and seized altar cloths, reliquaries and plates (History of the elusive State and Society, Treadgold, Helen, Stanford University Press, 1997). Following Leo IIIs expiry, his son Constantine V continued the ban and here is where or so interesting occurrences come to light the monasteries began to protest publicly. unitary monk, seat of Damascus, protested iconoclasm by dint of his theological writings.Another monk, Theodore the Studite brought things to a head by writing a letter to Pope Paschal containing strong words against the emperor. This brought dire consequences and was con fontred a major political step in the wrong direction by Constantine V, who invaded the monasteries, seize their relics and throwing them into the sea. The next move from Constantine was to ban the monks from invoking the saints. This terrible period came to an end upon the death of Constantine Vs son Leo IV, whose Athenian wife Irene took office staff as regent for their young son, who wou ld be the future emperor.She brought an end to iconoclasm and restored the energy of the artisans of the time to create icons depicting saints, delivery boy, and the other figures of Christianity. It is difficult to imagine much(prenominal) violence over images used for the purposes of drawing upon the power of God creation so violently opposed when icons and images of political figures were con stancered to be acceptable kit and boodle of respect. Already it is easy to see that the survival of this case reliquary is almost a miracle in itself, considering the wanton destruction of such items, flush as common as they were.Since this particular cut is made of certain sum of moneys that are considered rare today, let us now turn our attention to the lash itself. It is small, bar 4 inches long and 2-7/8 inches a cut a pass across. The estimated date of creation of this box is the late 8th to early 9th century, which would be the period of iconoclasm discussed above (NY Met Museum). This box reliquary is constructed of champleve grace, silver, silver-gilt, gold and niello. The fascinating things about the boxs composition are the components of decorated enamel and niello, neither of which were native to Byzantium.Niello was commonly used in Europe until the Renaissance, only when seldom used subsequently that (Hill timberland Museum & gardens, n. d. ). Cloisonne enamel was very popular in China during the Ming dynasty, but starts to have its origins in Cyprus (Dr. Panicos Michaelides, 1989). It was during the Byzantine Empire that decorated enamel was perfected and put to child interchangeable use from the 6th to 12th centuries, with the methods being transmitted to China in the 15th century where the art of cloisonne was further perfected to such a degree that China set the standard for quality of this substance (ChineseMoods. com, 2005).The substance of cloisonne enamel is glass powder mixed with water until a paste is strivinged. The paste i s then applied to the die-cast of pervert such as gold, silver or pig bed. Each color used in the process is fired separately, making for a very labour-intensive construction of only one part of the box decoration. There appear to be three colors used in legal injury of cloisonne enamel blue, white and green. The metal in this case is gold, to which the cloisonne enamel was adhered. The lid of the box reliquary lineaments Christ let off alive on the cross in the crucifixion scene, accompanied by the Virgin and St. John at his feet.Bordering the crucifixion scene are the images of fourteen saints. The underside of the lid features descriptive yet somewhat primitive art depicting four scenes from the sprightliness of Jesus the Annunciation, Nativity, Crucifixion, and Anastasis (or Descent into Limbo). Inside the box are five compartments logical in the shape of a cross, where relics would be kept. The four sides of the box feature the fourteen saints found on the lid, and are also made of cloisonne enamel and the bottom of the box features a beautiful cross in gold. The other substance of interest is niello, which is a black metal compartmentalization used for decorative purposes.It is truly a lost art, as niello is rarely used today due to technological advancements in goldsmithing replacing the antiquated arts of engraving with tools and chisels (Prof. Dr. Erhard Brepohl, 2001). According to Dr. Brepohl, the making of niello involves melting and mixing silver, copper and lead, the use of borax and sulphur (which explains why niello is no longer popular, since its ingredients are super toxic), After a rather tedious and noxious fume-producing procedure, the metal alloy is then quickly cooled so that it breaks into granules. The granules are then ground with a mortar and pestle and mixed with flux to create a paste.When soft on(p) with a hammer. The finished niello should be uniformly black and shatter like glass. The niello paste is applied into the recesses of the object to be decorated (in the case of this box reliquary it would be the etched lid), then fired and cleaned. One can only stand in awe of the meticulous care with which this little box and other reliquaries were made, with such precision and detail to last for centuries. In terms of how the Byzantine Empire gained these acquirements to become virtually unparalleled as howling(prenominal) artisans, friendly exchanges with the West are the source.Through flourishing trade routes and the power of the Roman Empire, Byzantine religious art took on enormous proportions. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, From classical and old-fashioned Christian art Byzantine genius derived a correct combination of the ideal with truth to nature, harmonious unity along with precision in details, as well as the fondness for mosaics, frescoes, and pictures on circuit boards, in opposition to the dislike of non-Christian and sectarian Orientals to pictorial representation. The r ich symbolisation depicts reverence and devotion completely absent in modern art.The reliquaries were made in anticipation of what would be kept within them and crafted with utmost skill and care. Although many were destroyed during the iconoclastic crisis, enough of them remain today to pur trance in museums such as the Met, hopefully to inspire people that view them and understand the enormous skill and even danger that went into making and keeping them. Other reliquaries are simpler in nature and construction, such as the box reliquary of the Sancta Sanctorum Treasure, which measures 27. 7 X 18. 0 cm (approx. 10. 9 X 7. 1 inches).This box is bigger than the box reliquary described above, but is less ornate. It is constructed of wood and tempura and is red in color. Gold leaf adorns the five scenes depicted on the lid, which are of the Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion, Women at the Tomb and the Ascension, read from the bottom left to hurrying right (Gary Vikan, 1982). Housed in th e Vatican museum, this particular box contains stones collected in the ordinal and seventh centuries in the Holy Land, along with bits of wood and cloth. This particular box is considered to be the rarest among the Sanctus Sanctorum Treasures (Cleveland Museum Of Art, 1998).When contemplating how these relics survived the destruction during the above noted rangeoclasm we must also relish to Europe during the 8th and 9th Centuries, where Christianity was taking hold. One interesting fact is that blood line in the year 787, all new Christian churches had to have a relic in order to be consecrated. Since Christianity was spreading at such a rapid rate in Europe, the Church provided relics and reliquaries from her collection (Richard Jones-Nerzic, 2002). Relics were considered to be pilgrims souvenirs and reliquaries were specifically crafted for the safekeeping of those relics.As reliquaries and relics began to spread to Europe, owning them became a symbol of status (Jones-Nerzic) because of their origins in Byzantium and the dangerous journey they made to get into the hands of the Europeans. Another form of Byzantine art was the carving of ivory reliefs, such as the Triptych Icon of Hodegetria, (Greek for She who shows the way) made in Constantinople in the late 10th Century. This exquisite three-paneled piece shows wear due to veneration over time, and features the Virgin with the Christ Child as well as two unknown saints on the folding wings of the triptych.This triptych is 4-3/4 inches high and 9 inches in duration (The Walters Art Museum, 2001). An outstanding and elaborate ivory triptych is housed at the Louvre it is called the Harbaville Triptych after the last known owners and features the elegance and detail of the revival of icon use after the iconoclasm. This triptych is sunning, with the central panel depicting the Deesis (entreaty) of Christ enthroned on behalf of humankind (Louvre Museum, n. d. ). Flanking the Son Of Man is the Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist.Beneath the center panel and on the wings are the apostles, martyrs and soldiers. This piece is considered to be one of the finest from the violet workshop known as Romanus and combines several different techniques from the Orient as well as classical antiquity and the Christian tradition. The reverse side of the central panel is embellished with a Latin cross featuring rosettes along with scenes from the Garden of Eden. Two cypress trees, one on either side of the cross represent Good and Evil, all under a starry sanctionground.The side panels depict saints with books or crosses. Traces of gold leaf can still be found on this triptych, and the Louve literature states that there are two other similar ivory triptychs, one being housed in the Vatican and the other at the Palace in Venice. All three are thought to have been carved around the same time, between the 9th and 11th centuries in Constantinople. One more example of these reliquaries is a cross reliquar y featuring St. John Chrysostom, made in Constantinople around 920 930 (Dr. Rozmeri Basic, 2000-2005).Made of gilded wood and painted, the scenes of this lovely box depict St. John Chrysostom on the underside of the lid, with the Crucifixion on the top. The scene inside the box is decorated around a cavity for the boxs confine and features saints and angels in detail. Given the turbulent times and the rich history border Byzantium and Europe during the medieval times, it is a wonder that pilgrims dared to cross into the Holy Land. nevertheless they did, driven by the desire to see and touch the very places and items associated with Jesus and the saints.Reliquaries were designed for this purpose, enabling pilgrims to bring back earth, bits of bone or cloth, anything that could be deemed something from a sacred place. Pilgrims often traveled in groups and were subject to robberies and even murder from roadside bandits and wild animals, including lions. Still, the faithful made the ir journeys and the reliquaries that made it back to their homelands were preserved and valued not only as pieces of art but also as items in contact with the Messiahs surrounding. almost even were professed to have healing properties.Recreating these reliquaries in modern times would be considered labor-intensive and toxic some of the ingredients used in the reliquaries certainly runty more than one life span of an artist in the ancient days still, reliquaries are being reproduced and copies are on the open market, still drawing an intrigue after more than a millennium. References Basic, Dr. Rozmeri. 2000 2005, Early Christian and Byzantine Art. University Of Oklahoma. Online, available at http//www. ou. edu/class/ahi4263/byzhtml/p05-04. htmlBrepohl, Erhard Prof. Dr. 2001, Nillo Work, Brynmorgen Press. Online, available at http//www. ganoksin. com/borisat/nenam/nillo-work-10-1. htm Byzantine Art, 2003, Online Catholic Encyclopedia, K. Knight. Online, available at http//www. new advent. org/cathen/03095a. htm Cloisonne, 2005, Chinese Moods. Online, available at http//www. chinesemoods. com/cloisonne. html Crystal, Ellie. 1995 2005, The Byzantine Empire The Roman Byzantine Period, Crystal Links Encyclopedia. Online, available at http//www. crystalinks.com/byzantine. html nonfunctional Arts Middle Ages The Harbaville Triptych. N. d. , The Louvre Museum. Online, available at http//www. louvre. fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice. jsp? sate%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226172&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226172&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500778&bmUID=1133157145797&bmLocale=en Jones-Nerzic, Richard. June 2002, European Medieval Pilgrimage Project Relics. realistic School History Department. Online, available at http//194. 3. 120. 243/humanities/vs/pilgrims/relics. htmReliquary of the True Cross (Staurotheke), late 8thearly 9th century Byzantine Made in Constantinople, 2005, Metropolitan Art Museum of New York. Online, available at http//www. metmuseu m. org/toah/ho/06/eusb/hod_17. 190. 715ab. htm The first iconoclastic period 730-787, 2005, Wikipedia. Online, available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/IconoclasmThe_first_iconoclastic_period_730-787 The Medieval World Triptych Icon of Hodegetria with Saints. 2001, The Walters Art Museum. Online, available at http//www. thewalters.org/html/collec_object_detail. asp? ID=2&object_ID=71. 158 Vatican Treasures. 1998, Cleveland Museum Of Art, last(prenominal) Exhibits. Online, available at http//www. clevelandart. org/exhibit/vatican/ Vican, Gary. 1982, Byzantine Pilgrimage Art. Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D. C. Online, available at http//www. doaks. org/PilgrimageArt. pdf supplemental Reference Treadgold, Helen. 1997, History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press. Secondary resource contained within Wikipedia, cited above.

Canadian Contribution for World Peace

I have read Suresh Canagarajahs word The Fortunate Traveler Shuttling between Communities and Literacies by Economy Class . He is a good enough writer and he has many good creative have in minder about use uping English to improve literacies. In Suresh Canagarajahs opinion, every English learners need to find a adaptive way, that completelyow enhance their interests to learn English. Countries tradition is influencing local peoples aethestic standard, so many readers are hard to take in strange pen style. As a entreprenant writer, when they faced to conflicting and competing in different communities, they will adjust their writing style.Suresh believes that a curiosity towards the language, the index to intuit languistic rules from observation of actual usage, a metalinguistic awareness of the system pot languages, and the ability to creatively negotiate meaning in text are the good strategy to improve literacy. In my heart, Chinese is my mother language, and I always talk with my Chinese friends. Im afraid of saying something to for English speaker. When I sit on the subway or bus, sometimes I will pay attention to somebodys conversation.At the beginning, I potentiometer catch a itsy-bitsy information, but gradually I feel its hard to follow them. At last, I feel depressed and give up. In Canada, English is apply in everywhere. We can learn many grammar and syntactic from there as long as carefully observed. When we read a long denomination, we maybe feel its difficult to finish and understand its meaning. I was accustomed to transmute word by word, I know its a bad construe habit. In fact, understand the meaning in context can accurately know what message author want to deliver to readers. I think these suggestions are useful.When Suresh Canagarajah come to western academic club, he hasnt get the pass judgment praise. Suresh believes that the exaggerated, passionate personalized style of writing wasnt universally appreciated in the aca demic community. Because Western academic community prefer to smooth and rigid essay rather than personalized and passionate essay. Their tradition and gloss influence the writing style, so they are hard to accept foreign writing style. For example , Chinese people think some Chinese authors opus is very nice, but none of Chinese author can obtain the Nobel Prize in Literature.Because Western audience cant adapt Chinese writing style and understand the meaning. According to Suresh (1986), the conflicts he has faced as he shuttled between his native community and Western academic community generated many useful insights into the ideological and rhetorical challenges in academic communication. He believes that be humble when leaning knowledge, adopt a reflective accomplishment attitude, critical questioning of dominant practices, and contextually grounded theorization are the good way to treat conflicts.As a entreprenant writer, when he faced to conflicting and competing in differ ent communities, they will adjust their writing style. Thus, he can canvass some different kinds of writing style to adapt the audience all over the world . This is a constantly move forward success. I have learned some good strategy to improve lieracy from the article by Suresh Canagarajah, I will try these ideas in learning English. In addition, if I want to write some good essay to transport audiences in Canada, I think I need to change my writing style. Suresh is a good model for me to improve lieracy.

How Significant Factors Can Change People’s Opinions Essay

The essay In the Jungle tells a news report of a woman who is used to works under high military press and takes a journey to the Ecuadorian Jungle, and near the Napo River she finds tabu that she is no interminable stressed and depressed each much. The sedate surroundings revisions her completely. This example shows how the sensible surround contribute demand pot mentally. The Essay Our Animal Rites tells a fable of a woman who encounters a bear by an accident, and she realizes that where she is living now, the domain used to be the home of the bear. This fact shocks her and she starts to wonder whether she is the one who has interpreted the bears home a direction from it. This example shows how bodily environs loafer affect stack emotionally. Besides these, the milieu can change people physically too. There are some major changes I experienced after I came to the U.S by the right smart I dressed, the way I talked or treated people withal my regular schedule. T he physical environs and human beings change each other. When people come into a new surround that they devote never been in, they will be affected, or changed physically, emotionally and mentally at divergent levels because people always have unalike actions when they face different environments, and that is why they change.The physical environment can affect people emotionally because different environments can change peoples position about one specific thing or the point of view of the same function. Dillard describes her journey in the jungle actually specifically. After she reaches her destination, she realizes how peaceful and amazing that place is, Each breath of wickedness smelled sweet, more moistened and sweet than any kitchen, or garden, or cradle(37). This paraphrase shows she finds the jungle is much better than the place she used to live. Nothing can compare to the smell of nature, not even her expensive daily supplies because the environment she is currently living is cannot be replaced or faked. Nature calms her nerves and gives her while to reflect on her own life. During the vacation, she lets some little nave girls wanton awaywith her hair, which is another thing that she never do before. Later that night I joblessd my hair from its braids and combed it smoothnot for myself, but so the village girls could play with it in the morning(37) This is a symbol of her truly loose her pressure and face this world with another type of personality, which is who she really is, without any defense or pretending. The Napo River It is in the way, catching sunlight the way a cup catch poured water it is a bowl of sweet air, a basin of greenness, and of grace, and it would seem, of peace (40) From this essay, the mood of Dillard has some significant changes. She finds out that she is more peaceful inside. After she feels the calming environment of mother nature, she becomes more peaceful because the environment surrounding her changes, so her moo d changes instantly too.The physical environment can affect people mentally because there are a lot of unexpected events that can change peoples attitude whether positive or negative. The essay Our Animal Rites, Quindlen mentions she starts to wonder if she took the bears home away from it after the encounter, and she cannot forget about this idea. Sometimes I think it is because kinda of feeling that the bear is trespassing on my property, in my heart I believe that I am trespassing on his(33) Quindlen thinks she is the one who took land from the bear. This idea bothers her and cannot be eliminated easily, so she becomes suspicious and indeterminate she feels guilty about taking the bears territory even though deep inside she knows she had nothing with the whole situation. Somewhere out there the bear is watching, picking his nits and teeth, breathing his raggedy bear breath, and if he could talk, possibly hed say I wonder theyre acquittance back where they belong. (34) Quindle n humanizes the bear she encounters and exchanges the point of view with it to rethink the same situation from a different perspective. The physical environment as well changes her mentally. People react differently when they face different environments or circumstances, and this change affects them mentally too.The physical environment can affect people physically too. Take me as example. Before I came to the U.S., I was an ordinary girl who went to school at 7 a.m. and was home at 5 and did all my homework on time, neverhanged out with my friends and did not know to put makeup on or fancy clothes due to requirements of my middle school. I did not listen to music that much because my teacher thought being a fan of some stars could have some negative effects on my grade. After I came here, I found out everything was totally different than I expected. Girls who were my age all have makeup and skinny jeans and stop polish to school. They had time to hang out with their friends after school instead of just going home and doing homework. They could also go out on Friday Night until midnight. That is something I could not even dream of. After a few months passed by, I started to get involved in school. I learnt the way they dressed, the way they talked and some places they would like to go to after class. I also started to learn how to put makeup on and abandoned all my ageing clothes for some new ones. It has been almost four years since I got here, and I think I am a completely different person now, not mentally, but physically because my parents and friends noticed the difference in different time periods which are when I was in China and when I am here right now. The environment can also affect people physically too.The physical environment can change people in various ways. The essay In the Jungle proves that the physical environment can affect people emotionally while Our Animal Rites shows how physical environment can affect people mentally. From my perso nal experience, the physical environment also change people physically too. Changing is like a double-edged sword. It can lead people to different paths. Some people lose themselves during the changing process while others can hold on the spirit of who they are and become better people.