'Cognitive Dissonance\r'

'cognitive randomness Cognitive dissonance is having a thought, idea, posture, or belief that seems to be out of seam. Cognitive dissonance tends to result in different ways based on the built in bed that it occurs in. If a person is forced to verify an opinion that differs from their own, they experience an out of tune tinting. In Roger dowse’s choose got â€Å" cardinal Studies that Changed Psychology,” he recognizes the field of honor of cognitive dissonance learned by Leon Festinger. In â€Å"Thoughts let out of Tune,” the article specifically explaining Festinger’s study, Hock goes further into detail.He explains that if we argon forced to produce an opposed view, while preparing for it, we tend to hope it along with out own. This creates confusing, stress, and dissonance. Festinger’s study explains why and when people may or may non go through cognitive dissonance. Festinger proposed whatever you state in public, leave be hind be a reflection of your personal views. If any(prenominal) person must speak publicly for any motive that goes against their own reclusive belief, they leave alone definitely feel uncomfort fitted. However, when offered a reward, the comfort levels foundation intensify.If some matchless offers the speaker a large reward, the speaker leave behind feel more comfort in changing their positioning close(predicate) the ideas or beliefs being said, even when they don’t believe them. If someone offers the speaker a small reward, the speaker result feel more discomfort because they do not feel there was justification in what they are being rewarded and entrust have more of a negative attitude than those being greater rewarded. Festinger performed his experiment on a control theme, convocation A, and gathering B. Each group contained twenty participants. stem A was the group granted up one dollar to perform the experiment.Group B was given twenty dollars to per form the experiment. All group were interviewed after the performing ‘the experiment,’ which was to empty and replenish a tray of 12 spools for 30 minutes and to turn 48 square pegs a quarter of a turn clockwise for 30 minutes. This was done in launch to bore the participants and create negative impressions almost what they had to do. aft(prenominal)wards they were asked to fabricate their feelings toward the experiment to other group waiting outside. Group A was given one dollar. Group B was given twenty dollars. The control group was given no money and was competent to be interviewed after performing the tasks.Group A and group B were told after intercommunicate their opposed opinions that the experiment was fun and exciting, they were able to be interviewed and leave. The interview questioned their true beliefs on how they felt toward ‘the experiment. ’ They were asked to rate the experiments on a scale that offered the questions: whether the tas ks were interesting and enjoyable, how much the person learned about their ability to perform the tasks given, whether they believed the experiment and tasks were measuring any vastness or not, and if they had any desire to go into in another experiment like to the one performed.In the findings, the control group had highly negative ratings on the questions asked. Festinger concluded that when demanded to realize the differences among personal views and attitudes, we would tend to feel cognitive dissonance. This can encourage us to bet change to these views or attitudes to enforce them to croak harmonious and agreeable with each other. This will continuously create changing attitudes whether they are big or small. The change will depend on the justification for the behavior.Festinger’s conclusions had shown to support his hypothesis. David Matz and Wendy woods performed an experiment correspondent to Festinger’s study. Matz and Wood did a study on cognitive diss onance in groups and the consequences of disagreement. In the first of several experiments done, they tried ‘the nature of arousal induced by attitude heterogeneity in groups. ’ This determines if attitude likeness in groups could be related to to dissonance. In the study, people were taperd into groups. These groups were given one of three possible situations.These situations include what would occur after taking a survey. The groups would either discuss what they decided for a major issue, discuss their decisions and try to bed to a consensus, and the last group would not discuss anything about the survey at all. The participants that were educated about the study acted as though they had a particular opinion. After the discussion, the participants, of the decision-making group, filled out a questionnaire about the responses and ease of agreeing for a consensus.The results were that the group having to induce a consensus found it easy and were propel when the gr oup was able to agree as opposed to when the group disagreed. The participants admitted to feeling foreboding and discomfort when having a disagreement with the group. This relates to Festinger’s study because they both relate to feeling uncomfortable. Although Festinger’s experiment was concentrated on a self and not a group, they both explain how different situations can cause discomfort and negative feelings.Festinger explains how someone not expressing their true feelings for any drive will undergo the feelings of cognitive dissonance. Matz and Wood are explaining the same thing only when showing how people can comprehend cognitive dissonance by memory their opinions and not expressing themselves in fear of press release against a group. The disagreement creates negative feelings do the participant to feel out of place or out of tune. These experiments teach us that not expressing how we feel for any reason whether it’s being paid, persuaded, in fearf ulness, we will tend to feel negative emotions.Disagreement will always cause discomfort in turn causing cognitive dissonance. References Chen, M. K. , & angstrom unit; Risen, J. L. (2010). How choice affects and reflects preferences: revisiting the free-choice paradigm. diary of constitution and social Psychology, 99(4), 573-594. inside: 10. 1037/a0020217 Festinger, L. , & antiophthalmic factor; Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. Hock, R. R. (2008). Forty studies that changed psychology: explorations into the history of psychological search (6th ed. ).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Matz, D. C. , & adenine; Wood, W. (2005). Cognitive dissonance in groups: the consequences of disagreement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 22-37. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 1. 22 newfangledby-Clark, I. R. , McGregor, I. , & Zanna, M. P. (2002). Thinking and caring ab out cognitive inconsistency: when and for whom does attitudinal ambivalence feel uncomfortable? Journal of Peronality and Social Psychology, 82(2), 157-166. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 82. 2. 157 Norton, M. I. , Monin, B. , Cooper, J. , & Hogg, M.A. (2003). Vicarious dissonance: location change from inconsistency of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(1), 47-62. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 85. 1. 47 Push, S. D. , Groth, M. , & Hennig-Thurau, T. (2011) Willing and able to fake emotions: A closer examination of the link amongst emotional dissonance and employee well-being. Journal of apply Psychology, 96(2), 377-390. doi: 10. 1037/a0021395 Rosenberg, M. J. (1960). Attitude organization and change: An analysis of consistency among attitude components. New Haven: Yale University Press.\r\n'