Modern Witchcraft :: Witchcraft Witches Magic Essays

Modern Witchcraft Magical ManipulationMany witches do not believe in spirits, and most if not all reject belief in a literal Devil or demons. Naturally, therefore, they reject the idea that sorcery and divination be accomplished by the agency of evil spirits. Many offer naturalistic explanations for the working of magic and divination and other psychic technologies. On the whole, the occult connection today has expanded its definition of the natural to incorporate elements that were earlier considered supernatural, placing them in the category of the super- or paranormal instead. Yet, they ar still involved in the over-the-hill ways -- that is, the occult. Now You See it, Now You Dont What has happened in the occult world in the past two or more decades is just what C. S. Lewis described in his classic work, The Screwtape Letters -- which portrays an experienced demon (Screwtape) writing letters of advice to a novice demon (Wormwood) I have great hopes that we shall learn in ref erable time how to emotionalize and mythologize their science to such an extent that what is, in effect, a belief in us, (though not under that name) will creep in mend the human mind remains closed to belief in the Enemy i.e., God. The Life Force, the worship of sex, and well-nigh aspects of Psychoanalysis, may here prove useful. If once we chamberpot produce our perfect work -- the Materialist Magician, the man, not using, but veritably worshipping, what he vaguely calls Forces while denying the existence of spirits -- then the end of the war will be in sight. (1) Lewiss insights on the insidious strategy of Satan -- the archenemy of our souls -- appear to have been right on target in regard to modern occultism. (2) When observations like Lewiss are made, however, it is not uncommon to hear remarks to the effect that Christians attribute to the supernatural everything they cannot comprehend -- if it cannot be understood, it must be the Devil. However, this charge is unwarranted . While it is unfortunately true that some Christians tend to hyperspiritualize events and exclaim the Devil did it, or the Devil made me do it, this is certainly not the case with all. Many Christians have pointed out alleged goddamned (or divine) occurrences which were -- in fact -- instances of fraud, anomalies, psychosomatic phenomena, auto- or heterosuggestion, and so forth. (3) Such Christians have demystified baffling occurrences and accounted for them by their natural causes.

Cleaning up Bodies of Water with the Rio Salado Project :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

As I looked out the window of the restaurant, I could see the cheerfulness bouncing off the s putling water below. Boats and other water craft scatter the water as well as people on water-skis and cozy tubes. The picturesque view defines life seem so much better and just looking at the river makes a person calmer. The scene just draw is the view from the window of a restaurant called Sophia in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the corresponding river is the mighty Mississippi. Although Minnesota is the land of 10,000 lakes, this scene could be found right here in the valley of Phoenix. The way this is possible is through the Rio Salado Project. After the Roosevelt Dam dammed the Salt River in 1911, the bed that formed in its place has become a garbage-infested hatful stretching through a large potion of the valley. In 1966 a group of architecture students at ASU first proposed the idea of the Rio Salado Project to a community-wide audience. It was approved by the legislature in 1980 a nd extensive planning has been underway since. The project will take 26 miles of the dry river bed, fill it in with purified wastewater, and make it into a 7,000-acre park over the next 2 decades (Rio Salado Development District 1). I believe that we should continue with construction on the Rio Salado Project because of all its benefits to the valley area. The plan I am proposing is comprehensive of many plans already proposed since Rio Salado was first an idea over 30 years ago. The difference is that my plan combines the positive features of many different plans to make a new one. This includes ensuring that Town Lake provides a safe environment for all activities, providing flood control, encouraging development along the river, promoting recreation, improving the regional quality of life, attaining the scotch benefits of the area, while still maintaining the historical content of the area. Up until the early 1900s, the Salt River flowed without any control or restraints. Howeve r, it was a burden for travelers on the trail leading from Prescott to Tucson. In 1911 the Roosevelt Dam was built upstream from Tempe and the flow was reduced until in the late 1930s when the river ceased to flow altogether. Many people have often wondered what it would be like if the riverbed would once again be filled with water.

The Awakening - Personality Developments :: essays research papers

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT&9The idea that one gouge understand and comprehend the development of an individual is profound and abstruse, but very few people capture actually had success dealing with such a topic. From obstacles such as proper test subjects to the whole stigma of taboo attached in trying to understand the human mind, researchers and psychologists have had success. One of the nearly notable successes is that of Sigmund Freud, the father of modern psychology, as we know it. Freuds in depth pioneering journey into the minds of people, and how the mind itself develops with the passing of time and events. Other modern psychologists have elaborated on Freud, including the psychologists Erik Erikson and Karen Horney. Their thoughts on the personality development of people relate directly to Kate Chopins book, The Awakening. In this book, the theories discussed by Freud and his successors are shown explicitly and implicitly. &9Obviously, Sigmund Freuds work in the field of personality development was by far the most prolific and controversial. The father of modern psychology, Freud broke all barriers to expose what he thought to be the real reasons for human behavior. His theories of personality development can best start with the discussion of the conscious and the unconscious mind. The conscious mind on with the lesser preconscious mindis that part of the mind that one has control, or knowledge of. Ironically, this is the least part of the mind that one has control over. The so called "subconscious" mind is the part of the mind that lurks beneath the surface, filled with instincts, emotions, and unfulfilled desires (Shaffer 26). The total human mind is divided into the famous three parts of the Id, the ego, and the superego. The Id can be correlate directly to the subconscious, since it contains ones innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires, or as Freud would call them, "wishes". The Id represents ones innermost and primitive desir es, such as food and reproduction, and it everlastingly drives ones actions. The total antithesis of the Id is the superego. The superego in the case of personality development, comes directly from parents. This superego is consisted of the conscience (punishments and warnings) and the ego ideal (positive rewards and role models). Thus the superego can be delineate as what keeps the Id in check, which leads to the ego. The ego is the rationalizing factor, it is the result of the superego and the Id, canceling each other out.

Neural Networks in Investments Essay -- Computers Technology Investing

skittish Networks in InvestmentsI. ABSTRACTInvestment managers often find themselves overwhelmed with the large amount of data obtained from the monetary markets. Most of the data available is numeric and noisy in nature, making the decision-making process harder. These decisions usually rely on the integration of statistical measures that attempt to iron much of the data and qualitative depictions such as graphs and bar charts with news events and other pertinent information. Investment decisions usually involve non-linear relationships among the various components of the data. Computers in general, argon very adept at dealing with large amounts of numeric information. However, some algorithms are crucial in analyzing and combining disparate information that can feign security prices. Artificial Intelligence based methods uses clever algorithms and rules of thumb (heuristics) in the decision-making process. neuronic Network and expert systems applications have been successfully deployed in the domain of Finance, and in the area of investment management.This paper discusses the basics and the theory behind neural networks and provides an introduction to an application area of neural networks in the domain of Finance. The application areas of queasy Networks discussed in the paper are corporate finance, financial institutions, and the professional investor. The purpose of the second paper will be to discuss the specifics of each of these applications.II. INTRODUCTIONNeural network computing is an information processing method that was developed from research to make computers that could imitate the way people learned. The field initially grew from 1930s ideas astir(predicate) how biological systems like the human brain works... ...in of finance is essential for further development.V. REFERENCES 1. Deboeck Guido J., Trading on the Edge Neural, Genetic, and Fuzzy Systems for Chaotic Financial Markets, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1994. 2. Trippi Robert R., lee(prenominal) Jae K., State-of-the-Art Portfolio Selection Using Knowledge Based Systems to Enhance Investment Performance, Probus Publishing Company, 1992. 3. Refenes Paul, Neural Networks in the Capital Markets, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1995. 4. Proceedings of the Second supranational Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications on Wall Street, April 19-22 1993, New York City. 5. Neural Network Resources on the World Wide Web, http//www.med-web.com/nnres/ 6. Neural Network Toolbox, http//www.mathworks.com/products/neuralnet/ 7. Neural Network WWW References, http//ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/neural/www/www-catalogue.html

Government Subsidies to Correct Externalities Essay -- Alternative Ene

Government Subsidies to Correct ExternalitiesThe provision of competency is riddled with market failures. For instance, the U.S. maintains a military presence in the sum East at least partly in order to secure energy supplies, but to what extent do U.S. consumers pay for that at the pump? Anecdotally, gasoline costs well-nigh half in the States what it does in Europe. For another example, short haul flights are often cheaper than train tickets to the same destination, and yet, air travel is about ten times worse for the environment than is rail. Does the cost of either ticket account for this difference? Both the production and consumption of energy give try to economic costs that are difficult to allocate. These externalities are a long-recognized economic problem. That is why we are in the midst of boom times for the alternative energy industry. For the most part, alternative means alternative to derivatives of crude oil, but it also seeks to substitute for coal and to a lesser extent nuclear energy. In many another(prenominal) cases, demand for alternatives has exceeded supply. Similarly, demand for investments in unsanded alternative energy technologies has exceeded the stock of available good ideas (Green Dreams, 2006). But has this driven up the price? Well, sort of. What has happened is governments virtually the world have stepped in to support alternative energy. According to The Economist magazine, 49 governments have made formal commitments. So while consumers by and orotund are still minimizing cost in the energy purchases, their elected governments have demanded dramatic changes in patterns of production (Investing in unused energy, 2006). There are more often than not three reasons for consumer preference for alternative energy.... ... to assure that society gets the package of output that it desires. Works Cited The answer, my friend? ? Can the windy Great Plains be a new power source, or is that just bluster? (2006, O ctober 26). The Economist. Green Dreams ? The flood of money into clean energy is better news for society than it is for investors. (2006, November 16). The Economist. Investing in clean energy ? Tilting at windmills. (2006, November 16). The Economist. Hammond, P., Gamble, B. (2006, February 16). Simmons Oil Monthly ? Solar Energy Overview. Retrieved 17 November 2006 from http//www.simmonsco-intl.com Campbell, J. (2005, February 12). NOPA Biodiesel Speech. National Oilseed Processors Association 2005 Annual Meeting. Wind Power. Wikipedia. Retrieved 17 November 2006 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_energy

Government Subsidies to Correct Externalities Essay -- Alternative Ene

Government Subsidies to Correct ExternalitiesThe provision of muscularity is riddled with market failures. For instance, the U.S. maintains a military front line in the Middle East at least partly in order to secure energy supplies, but to what extent do U.S. consumers pay for that at the pump? Anecdotally, petrol costs about half in the States what it does in Europe. For another example, short haul flights are often cheaper than train tickets to the same destination, and yet, job travel is about ten measure worse for the environment than is rail. Does the cost of either ticket account for this difference? Both the production and consumption of energy give rise to economic costs that are difficult to allocate. These externalities are a long-recognized economic problem. That is why we are in the midst of boom times for the alternative energy industry. For the most part, alternative means alternative to derivatives of crude oil, but it also seeks to substitute for coal and to a lesser extent nuclear energy. In many cases, demand for alternatives has exceeded supply. Similarly, demand for investments in new alternative energy technologies has exceeded the stock of available good ideas (Green Dreams, 2006). But has this driven up the impairment? Well, sort of. What has happened is governments around the world have stepped in to support alternative energy. According to The Economist magazine, 49 governments have made formal commitments. So enchantment consumers by and large are still minimizing cost in the energy purchases, their elected governments have demanded dramatic changes in patterns of production ( expend in clean energy, 2006). there are broadly three reasons for consumer preference for alternative energy.... ... to assure that society gets the package of output that it desires. Works Cited The answer, my friend? ? Can the windy Great Plains be a new power source, or is that just bluster? (2006, October 26). The Economist. Green Dreams ? The flood of money into clean energy is better news for society than it is for investors. (2006, November 16). The Economist. Investing in clean energy ? Tilting at windmills. (2006, November 16). The Economist. Hammond, P., Gamble, B. (2006, February 16). Simmons Oil Monthly ? Solar Energy Overview. Retrieved 17 November 2006 from http//www.simmonsco-intl.com Campbell, J. (2005, February 12). NOPA Biodiesel Speech. National Oilseed Processors Association 2005 Annual Meeting. Wind Power. Wikipedia. Retrieved 17 November 2006 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_energy

Different Themes in the Book Romeo and Juliet Essay

By Fatima Saleh Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, a play of two new(a) admirers from opposing families is master(prenominal)ly based on the write up of be sockd and hate. Love is presented right from the start. Shakespeare used the characters and imagery to portray infatuation honey, shallow manage, dutiful love, parental love and romantic love or young love. This is argu equal one of Shakespeares most famous plays. This play is indeed relevant to a modern audience. Many teenage couples silence experience being in concert and may still encounter the disapproval of their parents and friends and find it hard to be together.Shakespeare used the relationship of Romeo and Rosaline, Paris and Juliet to present infatuation and shallow love. In the number one Romeo was terribly in love with Rosaline but the love is not returned which turns forth Romeo unrequited love to Rosaline. Romeo Shut up his windows, lock fair day come out and makes himself an artificial night. (Act 1, motion -picture project 1, 134-135). The imagery made a depressed atmosphere, Shakespeare created a difference between infirm and dark, also portrayed the miserable and sorrowful belief of Romeo.Same as Paris loved Juliet very much. So go away ye, I am sure, that you love me. (Act 5, scene 1, 26) but Juliet didnt love him back. Dutiful love is a major love that Shakespeare has presented throughout the play, especially in the Capulet family. Ill look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep result I end art mine eye than you consent gives strength to make it fly. (Act 1, scene 3, 99-101) Juliet has always been faithful and dutiful to her parents but became independent after(prenominal) meeting Romeo. Not proud you have, but thankful that you have.Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant love. (Act 3, scene 5, 146-148) Shakespeare has presented dutiful love from Juliets words and sayings he also contrasted the change of Juliets love to he r parents before and after meeting Romeo. The fourth theme of love is Parental love it existed in the Montague family, When Romeo falls in love with Rosaline and starts feeling depressed, and his father Montague was so worried roughly him, so when he started to worry about Romeos behaviour he asked for Benvolios (his nephew) help .Montagues conversation about his sons sadness Both myself and many other friend, exclusively he, advisor to his own affections, Keeps it all to himself I will not say how true, But to himself, so secret and so close, So far from sounding and discovery, meet like a flower bud bit by a worm green-eyed of its beauty, Before her can bloom and spread his sweet leaves to the air, Or dedicate his beauty to the sun. If we could finger, out why he is so unhappy, we would try to cure him with the same zeal.In this scene Montague is talking to his family, his using personification which is a figure of speech where a composer has given human qualities to an obje ct or animal. (Just like a flower bud bit by a worm jealous of its beauty before her can bloom and spread his sweet leaves to the air, or dedicate his beauty to the sun. ) To figure out his sons sadness. Parental love in the Capulet family, Capulet and Lady Capulet insufficiency their daughter to marry Paris Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn the gallant. Young and noble gentleman.Paris is accepted by Capulet and glad to marry Juliet but he doesnt know that Juliet is married to Romeo secretly by Friar Lawrence. In this scene Shakespeare shows that Juliets family cares about her and they want her to get married and live happy heart with the perfect guy. Young love and romantic love in Romeo and Juliet shows the sweetness of love. They experience love at beginning sight after meeting at her fathers party. They did everything possible to be together. Romeo wishes he was a glove to touch her face, for that shows passionate love and the power of love that runs into them.Example of young love, Romeo says See, how she learns her cheek upon her hand O that I were a glove upon that hand that I world power touch that cheek. Shakespeare used fiction in this quote because his saying that he wishes to be a glove to touch her cheek. Also Juliet says whats in a name? (What does a name mean) That which we handle a rose by any other name would smell as sweet in this quote he used rhetorical principal because Juliet is asking a question to begin a philosophical discussion about Romeos true nature, and her question is not supposed to be answered .These quotes show the open love, the unconditionally love between the two lovers Romeo and Juliet. Young love is sweet because it allows all emotions to be set free and shows how ones life becomes the centre of the others. This was seen in the play as Romeo gives up his live as Juliet does with hers, due to them not being able to be together. Young love is so intense that Romeo and Juliet are watchful to die for one anothe r. They are passionately, tragically, courageously prepared to do anything for each other. That shows the power of true love between them.For example, when Juliet says O Romeo, Romeo Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name. Or if thou will not, be but sworn my love. And Ill no longish be a Capulet Juliet is infatuated towards Romeo, and she will even change from what she is only to be with Romeo. Romeo is to be banished for killing Tybalt, Juliets cousin and he has to leave her What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon that is already sick and pale with grief.The moon usually symbolises light and opportunities, however, in Romeos wording, it seems to symbolise his internal feelings of him feeling pale and grief as he is drawn away from Juliet and cannot bear to be without her. Romeo despairs that he will never be with his true love again and feels that life is not worth living with out her, which is clearly proven at the end when he takes up his life as he could not be with her. When Romeo says My only love sprung from my hate Too early unknown and known too late. His only love became from his hated generation without him knowing at the beginning yet it was too late to change his feelings towards her. Young love risks insecurity and can end tragically. The dispute between Romeo and Juliets families doesnt permit the lovers to show their love publicly however their love is so strong that they are willing to risk danger to themselves and their families. They are willing to go to such extremes to be together that tragedys their final end. Both Romeo and Juliet die tragically because of their passionate desire to be together. Then weep no more.Ill send to one in Mantua,Where that same banished run agate doth live,Shall give him such an unaccustomed dram, that he shall soon keep Tybalt caller-up The above quote is from Act 3 Scene 5, where Lady Capulet confesses her hate for Romeo, as she thinks hes the reason for her daughters grief. Young love doesnt always end with happiness. This was seen in the final scene of the play, when both lovers committed suicide thinking that the other ones dead. In this case love might not have ended happily but it shows the passionate desire Romeo had for Juliet as she had for him. It also reinforces the risks both lovers were willing to take nowing that they wouldnt be able to live a life together. Shall I believe that unsubstantial death? Is amorous and keeps thee here in dark, to be his paramour? For fear of that, I still will stay with thee. The quote is from the final scene, and it explains Romeos young yet true love for Juliet. Although Romeos only true love was found dead, Romeo plans on never leaving Juliet as its just too much to risk and wont be a life worth living without her. therefrom proving the risks and dangers ones willing to take in order to be with their one and only, and how ones life be comes centred on the others to the point of self-harm.Lucky is the man who is the first love of a woman, but luckier is the woman who is the last love of a man. This is clearly seen in the play written by William Shakespeare, as the two main characters that the play is named after, Romeo and Juliet, share an infatuating young love that nothing other than death can break. Also, it shows the depth both lovers are willing to go and the risks and boundaries they are prepared to face in order to truly be together and celebrate their love. For never was a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo

Miss fortune in My New School Story

Misfortune in my new initiate Arshia Amali I woke up by the blue jays singing by the tree beside my bedroom window. I got dressed in my blue jeans and my Adidas sweater. As I went downstairs my mom had a big breakfast set come to the fore on the round table. I sat down and as I generateed gobbling down the pancakes my brother joined us. We cleaned make the table and I took my backpack and put on my jacket to go out for school. My brother Matt following right behind me.I and he distinguishable to take the shortcut we found during summer break when we went biking, instead of the actual instruction finished the streets. It had al find outy started to snow in September and the shortcut by dint of the pond was slippery, hardly if we scrambled through it. As we made our elbow room near the school, we saw piece of musicy of the cods we saw when we went biking hanging out by the commonplace school sign. I guess my brother didnt really want to enter school with me because he s curried score to a friend he met at a band competition during the break.I didnt really find any friends during the break, except this kid named Jack who was my neighbour, but the problem with him was that he was one of the fattest kid I have seen, and all he would want to do was stay home and watch this TV show about a loser who everlastingly got beaten up. I stayed away from him all summer but I guess I shouldnt have, because now I have to enter the school all by my self not knowing where to go or not knowing anything about the school. At least the school entrance looked stiff hearted. I made way up the aged stairs of the school.I opened the door to the school and felt a warm breeze of air through my body. It didnt look too bad like I imagined. To my left a bunch of kids were by the schoolroom talking to one of the teachers and to my right almost kids all had their heads in one locker looking at something. I decided to go up to the administration desk and ask for my class list . The women behind the figurer gave me the piece of paper with my classroom numbers. Since I didnt know anyone, I decided to go to my class and get a bit familiar to the teacher. The classroom door was open so I decide to take a sneak at it.There was no teacher inside and so were no students. I guess no one was new to the school and had someone to hang out with. So I decide to stay in the class and take up one of the books I still didnt finish from last year until the bell ring. BRING The bell rang and bit by bit the students made their way in at a snails pace I guess none of them were happy about school starting. But suddenly the most attractive daughter I have ever seen came inside the room crowded with a bunch of sons trying to make a move with her. I guess she was credibly the girl of the school.We started class a few minutes later and for the whole class I swear I couldnt lay my eyes off of her until the boy behind me poked me at the back saying Dont even try bro. Every guy w ants that girl With fury I false around and saw a chubby boy and told him What makes you think I wont get her and with confidence he said she only goes out with athletic people, making me sound like Im not athletic. I needed to at least try to get her and to show the boy Brendan that I am athletic and could get her. But the truth was that I actually wasnt that athletic.I was always the geek that stayed behind the computer playing games instead of going outside and playing sports. Instead of arguing with Brendan I decide to actually get to be friends with him since I didnt know anyone else. First and number class passed by and now was lunch time. Brendan and I made our way through the halls to the cafeteria. We both got our lunch and made our way to a table where we could eat. while we ate he told me that the wrestling try outs would be today and that we should both try out since Alex will be there watching. I decide to father it a go since she was there, and maybe wrestling wil l the sport Im good at.I was actually eager to try out because I could plausibly show off some moves and get Alex attracted to me. For the last two blocks we didnt really do much we had both classes as science and all we did was read the safety rules for using the stuff in class. The bell rang and Brendan and I made our way to the gym. We got changed into our shorts and out on some equipment that the coach gave to us. We made our way into the gym all the people trying out were big and muscular. I took a quick glance at the bleachers and saw Alex setting down with some other girl from our class.I knew I had to shine or it would go all bad. The coach put us into pairs with the same size for opponents. My bad luck laid low(p) because I was paired up with this girl that had tried out I and she were the smallest and shortest people there so thats why we probably got paired up together. The bad thing was that the coach actually wanted us to wrestle each other and I didnt really want to hurt a girl. We were the last ones to wrestle, so we both made our way to the matt and as soon as the coach said go, that girl attacked me and took me right down to the floor.Brendan helped me up and all I heard and saw was everyone laughing at me including Alex. I was pretty embarrassed. We all went back to the locker room to change back to leave. Everyone was making fun of me so I got myself out of there as soon as possible. I put on my jacket and opened the door to start walking back home. Instead of taking the shortcut I took the actual way through the street. As I was walking down the street crossways the school I saw Alex standing outside of the lodge line with her mom. I thought the outdo thing to do was to change my way but instead I decided to be a man and pass her.I was around a foot away for her and suddenly a group of man came outside of the bank. They all had black masks with some sort of sweater saying BAD BOYS on it with each of them wearing baggy ripped jeans. I g uess they were robbing the bank or something because one the guys started to terrorise the people outside including me to not call the police. Then one of the guys opened some shots from his pistol in to the crowd and the only thing that popped into my mind was to jump in front of Alex to save her from a bullet maybe instead of liking an athletic person she could like a hero that saved her life.I wasnt really expecting the bullet to come her way but my bad luck it actually was going to hit her, so I lurched my self in front of her and got hit by the bullet. I was expecting my self to be in wounded by the bullet but instead I found my self in the hospital lying on the bed with my brother and mom beside me on the bed. I didnt know exactly what was occurrence and exactly why I wasnt dead or anything from the bullet. I asked my mom sitting beside me if they took the bullet out of me but she was more confused indeed ever before.So I asked her why I was in the hospital and she told me, w hen me and my brother took the shortcut in the morning on the way to school I cast down and hit my head on sharp piece of ice which got me unconscious. So all that just had happened to me was all a dream I guess. Im just happy that all I went through in my dream wasnt real because I would never want that to happen to me. And the best thing of all was that I got to miss the first day of school

Project Noah Essay

The Philippine governments Department of Science and Technology or DOST Advanced Science and Technology Institute along with the help of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA), Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PhilVolcs) and University of the Philippines National Institute of Geological Science and its College of Engineering launched its regorge called National Operation Assessment of Hazards and Risk k without delayn as externalize NOAH last July 6, 2012 in the city of Marikina to promote and combine fare science and engine room to enhance the disaster management and prevention capacity of the Philippines.This communicate was designed to answer the need for a systematic early warning system for floods in the surface area. As we all know, the Philippines have experienced unexpected huge calamities these past few years examples of those were the Typhoon Ondoy happened last 2009 and the recent monsoon happene d two weeks ago that ca gived great restitution on the lives of our fellow countrymen, their properties and source of living which also affected thewhole countrys economy. Due to this repetitious and unavoidable condition, this project would provide a more accurate, timely and easy to access warning about approximates that would affect the country for the safety of our commonwealth in every area of the Philippines.With the use of advance technology, this project would be able to provide a six hour ahead of time warning in the communities subjected to danger against incoming floods by the use of a geo- hazard vulnerability map which will be accessed using the internet. Presently this project has only eight major(ip) components which will provide the Project NOAH quick, accurate and more reliable information about floods and disaster. These are the Hydromet Sensors Development, the Disaster Risk Exposure Assessment for Mitigation (DREAM), Flood information Network (FLOODNET), stan d Hazard Information Project (WHIP), Enhancing Geo- hazards Mapping through Light sleuthing and ranging (LIDAR), Local Development of Doppler Radar Systems (LaDDeRS), Landslide Sensors Development Project and the Coastal Hazards and drive stack Assessment and Mitigation (CHASSAM).This project was said to distribute Hydrometeorological (Hydromet) devices in different areas in the Philippines composed of 600 automated rain gauges (ARG) and 400 water direct monitoring stations (WLMS) in 18 major river basins of the Philippines namely, the Marikina River Basin, the Cagayan de Oro River Basin, Iligan River Basin, Agno River Basin, Pampanga River Basin, Bicol River Basin, Cagayan River Basin, Agusan River Basin, Panay River Basin, Magaswang Tubig River Basin, Jalaur River Basin, Ilog- Hilabangan River Basin, Agus River Basin, Davao River Basin, Mindanao River Basin, Tagum- Libuganon River Basin, Tagaloan River Basin and Buayan- Malungun River Basin in December 2013 that will provide a better picture of the countrys surface waters which will be very helpful in detecting floods. It also aims to provide three- dimensional hazard maps in the major river systems and water sheds as well as in the flood prone areas like the city of Marikina throughout the country.Building the Flood Information Network or FloodNet which will provide computer models for critical River Basins, automation of data gathering, modeling and distribution of information about flood forecasts was also said to be established as well as the 50 sites in the Philippines to added by the newly adopted landslide sensors which the cities of San Francisco, Surigao del Norte, Tago, Surigao del Sur, Tublay Bugias, Bokod in Benguet, Guihulngan, Negros Occidental, St. Bernard, Southern Leyte and Tubungan in Iloilo consecrately have now was said to be completed at the end of 2013..On the other hand, by year 2014 the government targets to use a LIDAR or Light detection and ranging and computer- assisted analy sis technology that will identify exact areas in the country prone to landslides. They also targets to complete the installation of the Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge Assessment and Mitigation technology that will generate wave surge, its refraction and coastal circulation models that would help the people understand, find solutions and prepare early in boldness of coastal erosion.Presently, it has been reported that Doppler radars which will help in sensing the dynamic parameters of our countrys sea surfaces like wave, wind field and its surface present velocity are currently installed already all throughout the country as preparation for the completion of the Project NOAH in two years of time.This project was highly supported and participated by public and private both local and international agencies and organizations in the country namely by PAG-ASA, DOST- ASTI, PHILVOLCS, DOST-STII, -UP NIGS EML Laboratory, ClimateX Project, UP NIGS VTEC Laboratory, nababaha.com, UP DEGE- TCA GP, UP- MSI, British Council, British Embassy, UK Environment Agency, Cabot Institute of Bristol University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences of the University of Potsdam, MediaQuest Holdings Inc., Manila Observatory, DRRNet, DILG, MMDA, Smart Communications Incorporated, SUN Cellular, Globe Telecommunications, Google Crisis Response, Petron, Government of Japan, DENR, DPWH and the lifesomundane.netTHE PROJECT NOAH SYSTEM1. First, go to www.noah.dost.gov.ph2. The website of Project Noah will appear like this3. Suppose that you are in Intramuros, Manila You may put your location on the Search Tab preceding(prenominal) then click enter to show the map of your location4. You may look for the Probability of Rain in the Weather Outlook Tab, the Flood Map, the acquirable weather stations, stream and rain gauges in the Weather Stations Tab on your location5. It will also inform you about the Flood hazard based on the Flood Hazard Map released by the Philippine government by clicking the Legend TabFLOOD HAZARD MAP BY DOSTFLOOD HAZARD ON NOAH.DOST.GOV.PH6. The website will also provide you basic information that makes you understand what PROJECT NOAH is about by clicking the ABOUT Tab7. It gives maltreat by step instructions on how to use the system by clicking the Help Tab in the upper right side of the websiteSince the World simple Web and the development of technology are very rampant nowadays on the present generation, having an access to the DOSTs Project NOAH would not be a problem. It would be very helpful to the people to prepare and plan ahead before a disaster would strike their areas. It would help in reducing casualties and extremum property loss due to hazardous events like what happened during the monsoon two weeks ago in many parts of the country where not only the livestock of the people were sacrificed but also the lives of our fellow men.BIBLIOGRAPHYhttp//noah.dost.gov.ph/http//www.nababaha.com/http//region4a.dost.gov.ph/index.php/pr ess-release/296-dosts-project-noah-to-strengthen-nationwide-disaster-risk-reduction-efforts.html http//ad2.ycasmd.info/custompopup.php?ref=animehere.com&aid=18 http//www.philippinecollegian.org/project-noah/http//www.gov.ph/http//www.pia.gov.ph/news/index.php?keywords=DOSThttp//www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/headlines-mt/28746-monsoon-flood-toll-reaches-60 http//newsinfo.inquirer.net/244837/tuesday-rains-surpass-ondoys-2009-rainfall-pagasa http//www.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage http//www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/lintech/how-tos-and-lifehacks/16730-project-noah.html http//blogwatch.tv/2012/08/nababaha-tutorial-of-project-noah-via-twitter/ http//kamalayangkalayaan.wordpress.com/agham-o-siyensiya/project-noah-nationwide-operational-assessment-of-hazards/ http//inagist.com/gone

History of Auditing

The History of Auditing A detailed overview Auditing has a rich history indoors the coupled States. There have always been various rudimentary forms of auditing when the first bank linees were started however the focus of this paper get out be on auditing standards within the 20th century. To look beyond that departs from what would typically be termed as modern accountancy and its relevant roots.Author Bruce Marshall alleviates describes why this historic perspective is so important of our line of business Accountancy is a recognized profession like those of law and medicine. In fact it might zero(prenominal) be too much to say that it is regarded as the most important of all the professions. Indeed it is the cornerst whizz upon which the whole industry of our Empire is built. 1 Establishing a Need for Auditing In one of the earliest forms of organized auditing, the American Institute of Certified Public restrainers issued a series of pamphlets to the a ccount profession in 1917.The pamphlets were designed to guide fiscal statement analysis and auditing in general, offer more transpargonncy to the emerging corporations that were springing up around the country. Strong motivation for this deform came from the Federal heap Commission and the Federal Reserve Board, stemming from a fear in the previous decade that had sent chills through the coronation community. Both entities wanted to offer a stabilizing force to help guide the United States corporate growth.An early accounting journal discusses the pamphlets The memorandum is of much(prenominal) importance that it has been reprinted in full in this issue of The daybook of Accountancy and we are surefooted it will appeal to all readers. To the members of the institute it will serve as a guide in all their audits for credit purposes, and they will understand that the hindrance of proof will be upon them if they omit any of the procedure laid down in the memorandum. 2 The pamp hlets were an adequate start, yet lacked the office staff to be the final resolution for stability. Federal Trade Commission Chairman W. E. Humphrey delivered a salutary timed statement on the progress the FTC had made, tho also addressed some of the limitations I am constrained to believe that the business of this country, and particularly big business, is more and more forced to the conclusion that honesty is non only the best policy, alone that it pays the highest dividends.I feel that there has been a tremendous improvement in the conduct of the business of the country over the last few years, but the time has not come, and I regret to say that it seems far off, when the strong arm of the government will not be deficiencyed to protect the public from greed, monopoly, fraud, and unfair practices. 3 Humphrey however, could not foresee how right he actually was. After an especially lucrative decade for investors in the roaring twenties, one of the most devastating financial crises taken with(p) the United States in 1929 as the NY stock exchange came tumbling down.Corruption and greed were rampant among most major companies, whom of ten distorted how risky their operations actually were. Margin borrowing by investors allowed huge amounts of debt to be taken on without proper risk mitigation. Investors, knowing no better, had dumped small fortunes into the market. The fragile infrastructure of the governance couldnt handle the load and eventually caved in. Those companies that would survive the crash needed standardization and change in order for the investors faith to be restored.The Federal Trade Commission stepped in to fill this need. The first official document Verification of financial Statements, which was solely dedicated to provide guidance for audit, was released the same year as the crash. This document dove further than the previous decades pamphlets did, focusing in on small and medium sized companies, as well as the general need for the customized auditing tailored to each distinguishable companies, based on need. In response to the extreme amounts of personal wealth destroyed during the tock market crash in 1929 and the prove depression, Congress was forced to take even more action. The suggested guidelines outlined by the FTC were just not enough to ensure a stable economy. The regulation of business and the accounting firms is uncouthly recognized to have been born just after the Securities and counterchange Commission ( unsweet) was established in the mid 1930s. Despite public investment being in an advanced stage at the time, corporate regulation was practically unheard of. The SEC was a product of both the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act.William Raymond offers insight on the initial operations of the SEC and how the investor took advantage There are probably thousands of investors throughout the country who are at a spillage to understand what value is all the data gathered by the Securi ties and Exchange Commission, which is headquartered in Washington and no convenient way for the investor to visit and secure the blue-chip data themselves. To these investors, the commission offers a very adequate mailing service, through which various actions by the commission, decisions and other matters may be obtained simply by requesting the placing of their human body calling on the mailing list. 4 Even from the beginning, serious debates raged in Washington about whether it was constitutional for the government to be involved in public corporations, much less(prenominal) private ones. Without regulation, there was fear another collapse was unavoidable. Establishing standards for preparing and auditing financial statements was decided to be the bare minimum that was essential to steer clear of any emerging turmoil. The authority to set the rules and oversight for what would become auditors was given to the SEC. Auditors themselves were allowed to set their own standards, but final say was still in the hands of the SEC.It is important to detect between accounting standards and auditing standards. Although related, auditing is but a piece of accounting. Nevertheless, to truly understand the history of auditing, one must(prenominal) note the progression of accountancy as well. ordinance Auditing Procedures In recognition of the expertise and resources of the accounting profession, the SEC has traditionally looked to the standard setting bodies from the private sector to provide a foundation for improving accounting principles and reporting standards.The private sector offered a baseline set of guidelines, which the SEC built off of. From 1938 and 1959, the Committee on accounting system Procedure ( ceiling) issued 51 news report Research Bulletins. The ARBs formed the basis of what is probably the single biggest resource to accountants today. GAAP, or the generally accepted accounting principles, is the foundation of all modern accounting. By 1959 , CAP had been replaced by another entity, the Accounting Principles Board (APB). The APB was responsible for 31 new general accounting standards from 1959-1973.This transition would mark the beginning of a plethora of different organizations over the years which would guide the practice. To improve the quality of audits in the 1960s, the bigger companies added a new technique. Peer review, as it was called, required firms to confirm the accuracy of one another. It was so effective the AICPA eventually added it as a requirement in 1977 for any member of the CPA division (within the AICPA). Firms were not required to join this division, but those who did agreed to a peer review as part of the guidelines.Eventually the peer review was deemed mandatory for all firms, membership or not, as part of the make do overhaul to the self declare systems in 1989. The restructuring enacted change in the AICPAs bylaws that required all members who practice must belong to a special sort within t he parent organization called the SEC Practice Section. The Practice Section had numerous guidelines for membership. The most notable included provisions that each member must shut away in a peer review with another firm of comparable size.The point of the provision was to offer further reassurance to investors that operating accountants had adequate control mechanisms, regarding the integrity of GAAP and GAAS. While peer review is not a complete test, the idea is that a have of a firms contribute represents an adequate representation of the entire operation. Auditing every piece of work in a firm would be a completely unreasonable request, thus sampling method would have to suffice. Any findings from the peer reviews were available for viewing by the general public.Each firm is issued a report that contains the audit results and sometimes even comments on how the firm might improve its reporting procedures. Occasionally, a reader might even find the resulting changes made and an y comments the audited firm has made regarding the issue. This open converse was a significant step forward towards complete transparency. William Kinney comments on what is important to the users Internal controls are also important to investors, the government, and ociety as a whole since they may affect long-term confidence in corporate accountability, and in the corporate form of organization. 5 Despite this transparency, the increasingly complex business environment was proving to be too much to handle for one part time regulating committee, even with peer reviews. In order to solve this issue, an independent organization was necessary to help cater to the interests of investors, accountants and creditors. A full time committee eventually ended up relieving the AICPA of its duties.FASB, or Financial Accounting Standards Board, was officially created in 1972. FASBs special responsibility surrounds setting ground rules in all non governmental entities. These ground rules covere d anything from revenue recognitionand all other bountiful topics, to specific topics such as dividends. Marshall Armstrong writes in detail about its purpose The objective of the qualitative standards is to provide guidance in determining the substance of a performance or event, regardless of its form, and a moral and ethical basis for its fair presentation in financial reports. 6 These standards are officially recognized by the SEC as the authoritative standard. Even with the establishment of FASB, the AICPA still existed to a limited extent. Through the means of the Accounting Standards Executive Committee, the AICPA works to collaborate with FASB on common objectives. Membership practices in FASB are intended to keep a level of independence but still effectively operate with the private sector in mind. It operates under the auspices of the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF), which consists of sixteen trustees, twelve of whom are elected by representatives of FAFs sponsoring organizations the AICPA, the American Accounting Association the Financial Executive Institute the Securities Industry Association the National Association of State Auditors, Controllers and Treasurers the Institute of Management Accountants and the Government Finance Officers Association. The other four at- rotund members are appointed by the FAF itself.The FAF, in turn, appoints the members of the FASB and its advisory council. It is also responsible for funding the FASB. 7 The first specific auditing standards were issued way back in 1939. The American Institute of Accountants accredited the appointment of a standing committee to advise on auditing procedure. By 1941, the AIA had released a several statements with the purpose to guide the individual auditor. Most notably was the Statements on Auditing Procedure, which offered a baseline for how auditors should responsibly approach individual audits, while using proper judgment.These SAP s would be the first of 54 forthcoming statements issued up until 1970. The SEC required all auditors to swear upon their work, that it followed these generally accepted auditing standards. To help with compliance of this requirement, the SEC released the Generally Accepted Auditing StandardsTheir Significance and Scope. Within ten years, the committee combined twenty-four of the pronouncements into one single body which would be referenced often during the process of internal control.Other notable consolidation efforts included the 1962 release of the Statement of Auditing Procedure No. 33 which combined many of the standards trickled out between 1949 and 1963. This baseline document was turned into a single presentation, being coded in the process by 1972. The 1972 revision was held under the title Statement on Auditing Standards or SAS. With the combination and official first uniform document, the committee officially changed its name to the Auditing Standard Executive Committee (AudSEC).In the next six years, AudSEC released 23 total SASes as a guideline for auditors. The AICPA continued to conduct numerous studies through committees on how to operate most effectively as a tool to the accounting profession. By 1978, the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) was the newest incarnation of an organized body charged with setting standards for the profession. An AudSECs successor, the ASB operated as 15 members with the responsibility to make relevant public statements, without having to obtain clearance first from the AICPA.Furthermore the ASB would set ground rules for how an auditor performs his assessment in regards to whether financial statement presentation conforms to the generally accepted accounting principles. Before setting new standards, the ASB will carefully gather all relevant opinions, including those of the Chief Accountant of the SEC as well as various other well known and respected individuals in the profession. The ASB replaced all previous senior technical committees in regards to the GAAS. The Public Oversight Board ( letter box) was created in 1977, which further helped to push transparency in the industry.The POB is a watch group entity responsible for oversight of the processes of the SECPS. The POB is an independent organization, which despite being funded by the SECPS, controls its own membership. If a firm has more than thirty SEC audit clients, then the POB will engage in reviews of the firm. The reviews can also take place in firms with less than thirty SEC audit clients, but the frequency of them is far fewer. Furthermore, the SEC will periodically inspect a sample of the peer reviews and even compile an annual public report that details its operations for the year. Auditing in Modern TimesOver 70 years after the stock market crash of 1929, again the Unites States would be struck by the uncertainty of the public corporation. The collapse of Enron revealed fraudulent accounting practices by the energy company itself and its accounting firm Arthur Ander son. By creating special purpose entities, Enron and Arthur Andersen effectively hid massive amounts of Enron debt, making the company appear much more utile than it actually was. The house of cards built by Enron eventually collapsed leaving the SEC to sift through the rubble to discover what had actually happened. Also complicit were Arthur Andersen and claim Partner David Duncan. Duncan earned $700,000 annually to manage this account, plus part of Andersens partnership profit pool. To appease Enron, he apparently did not require many large audit adjustments for several years, and often signed off on financial statements that were, by any reasonable standards, unclear and misleading. This shoddy work and attempts to eliminate severalise evidence led to Andersens felony conviction and demise apparently ignoring its founders key slogan of thinking straight and talking straight. 8 In response to the Enron collapse as well as the other companies which went down in its wake, the SE C was forced to up the ante, so to speak, with public transparency and accountability. In 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was put into place, which drastically adapted the structure of GAAP. Through the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) were given the final say over all auditing standards. enrolment was required with the PCAOB for CPAs and CPA firms who worked with public companies.Once registered, members must adhere to all standards, principles, rules, and interpretations set forth by the PCAOB. Further restructuring surfaced in 2004 as the PCAOB was set as the authority on public companies (as it pertains to GAAS), while the ASP oversaw private companies. Chuck Landes, a VP with the AICPA, speaks to the changes in an interview with the Ohio Society of CPAs Auditing standards have changed and now call for more management to the audit itself. Auditing is a serious business and it needs to be taken s eriously. You cant be a part-time auditor.I see firms making intelligent decisions about being in the audit business and committing the necessary resources around the audit function. In our new risk assessment standards, having an understanding of the industry is essential. 9 The unfortunate trend with auditing standards is that a tragic event usually occurs for the foundation to adjust. It is a great system to catch and fix problems, but as the time passes, the scale of the instigating event becomes larger and larger. As long as there are men and women with greed, there will be a need for auditing.Armstrong, Marshall. 1973. FASB will develop broad qualitative standards. The CPA Journal (pre-1986)43,no. 000010,(October1)844 Bateman & Co. A History of Accounting & Auditing Standards. February 2002. http//www. batemanhouston. com/newsStds. htm Humphrey W E. 1928. A Friend of Honest Business. Nations Business (pre-1986),June5,31. Kinney, William R. , Jr. ,Maher, Michael W. ,andWright, David W. 1990. Assertions-Based Standards for Integrated Internal Control. Accounting Horizons4,no. 4,(December1) Lasch, Erin. 2002. Chuck Landes is Rewriting Audit History.Catalyst 48-50 Marshall, Bruce. 1958. The Bank Audit. Edinburgh Houghton Mifflin. Alan Reinstein,Stephen R. Moehrle,andJennifer Reynolds-Moehrle. Crime and punishment in the marketplaceAccountants and business executives repeating history. Managerial Auditing Journal21,no. 4(May1,2006)420-435. Raymond, William T. (1935,July29). SEC Keeps Investors Informed. Barrons (1921-1942), pg. 8 Richardson, AP. The Federal Reserve Board and audits. Journal of Accountancy (pre-1986) 23,no. 000006(June1,1917)452. 1 Marshall, Bruce. 1958. The Bank Audit. Edinburgh Houghton Mifflin. 2 Richardson, AP. The Federal Reserve Board and audits. Journal of Accountancy (pre-1986) 23,no. 000006(June1,1917)452. 3 Humphrey W E. 1928. A Friend of Honest Business. Nations Business (pre-1986),June5,31. 4 Raymond, William T. (1935,July29). SE C Keeps Investors Informed. Barrons (1921-1942), pg. 8 5 Kinney, William R. , Jr. ,Maher, Michael W. ,andWright, David W. 1990. Assertions-Based Standards for Integrated Internal Control. Accounting Horizons4,no. ,(December1) 6 Armstrong, Marshall. 1973. FASB will develop broad qualitative standards. The CPA Journal (pre-1986)43,no. 000010,(October1)844 7 Bateman & Co. A History of Accounting & Auditing Standards. February 2002. http//www. batemanhouston. com/newsStds. htm 8 Alan Reinstein,Stephen R. Moehrle,andJennifer Reynolds-Moehrle. Crime and punishment in the marketplaceAccountants and business executives repeating history. Managerial Auditing Journal21,no. 4(May1,2006)420-435. 9 Lasch, Erin. 2002. Chuck Landes is Rewriting Audit History. Catalyst 48-50

Jeffersonian vs. Jacksonian Democracy

Jeffersonian vs. Jacksonian Democracy Both Jefferson and Jackson were fighting for the interests of farmers against the commercial and mercantile interests of the country. Jefferson was portrayed as a man of the people, but he remained a wealthy planter who tended to associate only with other elites. His mannerisms were much more upper-class. Jefferson talked about moderate governing body yet his actual practices as President differed. He maintained the bank of the US, authorized the Louisiana Purchase and pushed for stronger party cohesion, all things that many Democrats opposed.Jackson was likewise a wealthy farmer, but he had come from a poorer region and did not have wealthy p arents. He was much more comfortable intermixture with people of lower social and economic classes. He was also much more focused on attacking the mercantile classes, particularly his refusal to renew the take on for the Bank of the US. Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson were two influential politic al figures in two very different eras. Each formed their own democracy that helped bring into being the way people think about American government.They had their differences and yet they also had their similarities. Viewpoints between the two democracies will be analyzed in political, economic, social, and religious aspects. The Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracies were alike and different to each other in the area of politics and economics. The conditions which a citizen was considered legal for office holding was similar. In the Jeffersonian Democracy, an eligible citizen was one that was average rather than rich and well born.Jackson declared all ordinary and intelligent white citizens every bit qualified to serve. He eventually started what is cognise as the spoils system in which long-term officeholders were removed for rotation. Then how they chose candidates to be President was done differently. In Jeffersons time the two highest voted candidates became the President an d the Vice-President of the United States. In Jacksons time a candidate was chosen by a nominating convention and the President and Vice-President ran for their offices separately.Both mens attitude toward the Bank of the United States was similar. Jefferson back up State banks and was originally opposed to the national bank. Jackson and his followers strongly opposed the Second Bank of America. He won the Bank War by having federal income deposited in state banks, while he continued to draw money out of the national bank. The political and economic conditions of the Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracies were equally related and different. However, the social and religious aspects were quite clear.Each mans attitude toward minorities (including slaves, women, and Native Americans) were closely related. For example, Jefferson doubted that white civilization and Indian savagery could coexist and although he said that men were born to freedom not to slavery he still held many slaves . He felt strongly that women had a single function in life marriage and subordination to a husband. Jefferson saw no reason to let them vote since women were never cal lead upon to discuss politics or anything actually for that matter.In the same manner, Jackson turned away from extending egalitarian policies to slaves and women received little betterment, although many reforms were taking place in the time of the Jacksonian Democracy. Jackson, who also led an expedition against in Spanish Florida in 1818, forced thousands of Native Americans to march from Georgia to Oklahoma on the infamous Trail of Tears. Each man viewed bringing up in opposite opinions. One of the many bills Jefferson proposed was the Bill for General Education, which allowed everyone, without regard to birth or wealth, to have as much free education as each person was fitted for. On the other hand, Jackson and his followers opposed programs such as educational reform and the establishment of public educati on. He believed that schools limit individual liberty by interfering with parental responsibility and undermined freedom of religion by replacing church schools. How the separation of church and state was polite was different. Jefferson proposed the Statute for Religious Freedom, separating church and state and removing the private right of religious belief from control by public law.Jackson believed that a strong federal government restricted individual freedom and he was against religious reform. The social and religious viewpoints of Jefferson and Jackson had their similarities and their differences. It is clear to see how distinct the similarities and differences were between the Jeffersonian and Jacksonian Democracies. They are shown in the areas of politics, economics, social life, and religion. Their viewpoints, opinions, and or ideas all helped establish the strong democracy that America has today.

Ethical Leadership Essay

In the healthc atomic number 18 setting, todays leadership face many challenges. One prominent and ongoing issue is the baron of healthcare staff to flowerpot safe, quality care to unhurrieds, and to be able to provide this care efficiently. As healthcare professionals we understand that ethical issues along with ethnic issues indoors an reed nerve are very common. As healthcare professionals we work to improve access to healthcare, provide quality care, promote safety, and assure care is provided within a safe environment according to cultural beliefs. Things in the healthcare field are changing constantly and this in turn affects persevering care, and employee satisfaction. discontinue of life care has grown over the last decade as well as issues related to this area. We have also seen a push for organ donations. leading today face many ethical issues within the healthcare environment. This paper will focus on how leadership affects ethical issues that involve the expo nent of healthcare staff to provide efficient, safe, quality care to patients observing their cultural beliefs.Key Strategies to Address Ethical IssueTo address the ethical issue of the expertness of healthcare professionals to provide safe, efficient, quality healthcare there moldiness be a point of focus to get healthcare professionals to this goal. The point of focus would be providing efficient. If care is provided efficiently this in turn results in quality care because the patients use ups are existence met in a by the way manner. If their needs are being met in a timely manner these results in safety. We mustiness also be culturally aware. Leaders within the organization is constantly reviewing situations and making decisions.Every decision that is made addresses ethical issues that affect patients, family members, healthcare providers, and leaders. Leaders must provide orientation to new employees and in-services to current employees. Leaders must look at each healthcar e providers competency and provide education in those areas that the providerlacks knowledge in. Leaders must also assess the providers compassion for patient care. Education and understanding and using the Code of Ethics, is the key to efficient, safe, quality patient care. Patient must also have access to healthcare.Supportive Empirical EvidenceThere was a study that was conducted on ethical problems in nursing management and it states, The approximately common ethical problems concerned resource allocation as well as providing and developing high quality care(Nursing Ethics, 2010). This article addresses the fact that leaders used the Professional Code of Ethics, when addressing problems related to the care of patients. Following the code of ethics also results in delivery of efficient and safe patient care. According to Nelson, Taylor, and Walsh, after a problem or ethics gap has been clarified (The Health Care Manager 2014), then the team and leaders need to take this informat ion and use it to develop a plan to assist healthcare providers to understand the mission and values of the organization and put them into practice to provide efficient, safe, quality care to patients.The plan should be comprised of goals that are both attainable and reasonable. Leaders and healthcare providers must also be culturally competent, because this leads to quality patient care. According to Slatten, David Carson, and Carson compassion fatigue is related to poor patient care and burnout of healthcare providers, (The Health Care Manager, 2011). Healthcare workers must be compassionate and caring. This can lead to what Slatten, David Carson, and Carson refer to as compassion fatigue. This article discusses the fact that leaders must allow healthcare workers you talk about what is bothering. If healthcare workers are not functioning at their maximum potential then they cannot provide safe, efficient, quality patient care.Examples of Importance to NursingProviding quality care results in alter patient satisfaction. It assists the patient in achieving maximum health status. It decreases safety issues such as falls, medication errors, and improves a patients quality of life. Understanding and being culturally competent allows healthcare providers to provide care according to the patients beliefs. The care provided is what influences patient to select a hospital or extend away from a particularhospital. Performance data is now shared and available to patients seeking healthcare. Patient outcomes affect overall be of healthcare.ConclusionLeadership is important in the development of plans and goals to provide safe, efficient, quality healthcare. They must not only be concerned with patients and family members hardly they too must look at their employees and make sure they have a focus and the tools they need to reach the goals and provide safe, efficient, quality healthcare. They must be able to handle any ethical issues. There must be a focus point so t hat employees have a goal in site to reach for. Leadership is the backbone for nursing and healthcare providers.ReferencesAitamaa, E., Leino-Kilpi, H., Puukka, P., & Suhonen, R. (2010). Ethical problems in nursing management The role of codes of ethics. Nursing Ethics, 17(4), 469-482. Retrieved November 30, 2014, from PubMed. Nelson, W., Taylor, E., & Walsh, T. (2014). Building an Ethical organizational Culture. The Health Care Manager, 32(2), 158-164. Retrieved November 30, 2014, from OvidSP. Slatten, L., David Carson, K., & Phillips Carson, P. (2011). Compassion Fatigue and Burnout What Managers Should Know. The Health Care Manager, 30(4), 325-333. Retrieved November 30, 2014, from OvidSP.

Marijuana: a Gateway to Self Destruction

There has been substantial research which provides information on how Marijuana is not addicting itself, nevertheless the way it sakes you feel basis be the breaking point to trying other addictive drugs. Research shows, adults who are addicts admit their first time of function and first drug of choice was when they were an adolescent and smoked Marijuana. Until today, many argue for or against legalizing marijuana throughout the united States, and it is still a struggle for close to to overcome. As of 2011, Marijuana became legal in 16 States in the united States (Anabas & Cohen, 2011).According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy (OWNED, Bibb there has been Increasing efforts to legalize marijuana which can cause marijuana to rope In price and Increase the use of the drug (OWNED, 2013) keeping It Illegal keeps the price of marijuana up keeping the use rates low. According to Carbon. Org, (Bibb marijuana can be purchased In almost any neighborhood In any city or stat e In the U. S. , thus contributing to the pervasive nature of the drug. It is also considered a drug of convenience because it is easily concealed, both for transport and use.This is why it has travel widely popular with adolescents or young adults who have a lot of authority figures involved in their lives. Most marijuana users or those with Arizona in their possession do not go to prison. According the OWNED, a survey by the Bureau objectifies Statistics showed that . 7 percent of all state inmates were imprisoned for marijuana possession only because they had pleaded down from a more serious crime (OWNED, 2013). By States legalizing medical marijuana, it makes marijuana more easily obtainable for teens and normalizes It making It await okay to use.Between the eras of preteen and teens, any disruptions In normal brain development, including chemical disruptions and/or changes can make physiological and psychological changes that can last a lifetime. According to Anabas & Cohen (201 1), early-onset drug use is the single best predictor of future drug problems in an individual (P. 8. 13). Children, whom experiment with any drugs or alcohol, including marijuana, onwards the age of 12, are four to five times more likely to have major addiction problems than those who wait until after 18 years of age (P. . 13). Adolescents contain less body fat and water content than adults and have immature enzyme metabolism systems. They also manifest the condition shortly after origin use if genetically vulnerable to addiction, (8. 13). Adolescents are more vulnerable to environmental stress and drug availability and had less time to develop life skills and florid coping mechanisms (8. 13). Marijuana can have negative effects on the body and makes a person more susceptible to colds, flu, and other viral infections.ETC can lead to enhanced growth of tumors, including those response. Marijuana smoking also damages the lungs and other respiratory tissue (Anabas & Cohen, 201 1). The legalization of marijuana is making the drug easier to stimulate and because of this more and more adolescence are using this drug. With he vulnerability of the young human brain the impact of marijuana can be extremely sever. legalisation is making the use of marijuana a social norm which is slowly leading users to try other drugs, causing marijuana to be a adit drug.

Service Learning Paper

Henry Adams once claimed, A t separatelyer affects eternity she can never tell where her influence stops. Although Adams word choice only pertained to the man wish well teachers, it can only be assumed he believed any teacher could achieve this. In invest to be a successful teacher, accomplishing a lifelong affect on a students life is a necessity. Adams quote describes my belief in teaching quite perfectly, and my encounters during service study provides read for his statement. These experiences make only added to reinforcing my decision to choose teaching as my profession.My service learning took place at two disaccordent schools. My very first base experience was through Sherman Elementary School. Unfortunately, only having matchless and only(a) daytime there constricted me from gaining the full experience of the school. However, the schools read/write head amazed me with his determination for ameliorate their academics and surround. The school seemed fairly new, like most of Toledo Public Schools. His passion was contagious, and his heart was truly in it for these kids. The environment at that school had a very take vibe, and the students were completely eager to work with us.It seemed like every these schools, who were struggling to keep their academic level at an acceptable status, just needed someone to be confident in them. Teaching at a less developed school like this one definitely appeals to me. I sat in a 6th grade classroom momentarily that day, because the star topology had taken up most of our time with a tour. The teacher was very sweet, and had good control on students who liked to test her patience. Although I believe that I could have benefited tremendously from that experience, I accepted my bring to an other school.I am currently fulfilling my service learning hours at Keyser Elementary. The environment at Sherman Elementary and Keyser differ dramatic wholey. The staff at Keyser was usu wholey very disorganized and seemed unprepared for our visit each week. The Bowling one thousand students and I would file into their cafeteria, find a spot on one of the folding tables, and wait for students to be sent down to be tutored. The first student I had was a third grader named Marcus. Although on critical point he would be absent, he was my main student for the first furcate of our time at Keyser.Marcus is a very quiet boy, but once he warmed up to me I learned in all his favorite activities. Each week, Marcus and I read a story. Reading is the only thing I have done with Marcus. His reading skill was below average because of abundant reading issues with inconsistency and vocabulary. Up until a few sessions ago, my second students name was Keivon. He is a second grader and has the opposite disposition as Marcus. He looked at his trip to the cafeteria as an escape from his classroom. Getting him on task was my first job, and then reading came after that.We also never strayed from the subject of Reading . It was the same thing every week. Keivon had an gauzy reading skill, and always comprehended what he read. However, the past few sessions I have been sitting in a exceptional Education classroom, to help me decide if I would like to specialize in that area. I was very excited to get the opportunity to work in a classroom. The students and teacher were very welcoming to me, and seemed eager to have a new face in their room. These students were easily distracted and had definite behavioural problems.The teacher barely got through her sentences without an interruption. I never worked one on one with students until my most youthful experience. As a result of my experiences at Keyser Elementary, my expectations did not match the reality of my situation. I expected to be in the classroom throughout my whole service learning. I was expecting to be able to absorb the insouciant experience of teachers in their classrooms and learn from them. If I would not had asked to be placed in a S pecial Education classroom, I never would have experienced the environment of the classroom.Although I feel as if other sections were more fortunate in their experiences, I still thoroughly benefited from mine. Furthermore, I believe no experience is an unpleasant one, always a great opportunity to learn. In my first experience with Marcus, I helped him freshen the Reading section of the Ohio Proficiency Tests. He struggled with having a fluent reading pattern, along with confusion on numerous words. I encouraged the technique of breaking up the word and sounding each part out, and then putting the whole thing together.He seemed to benefit from this technique, and his reading fluency evened out. Reading and Language arts have always been my strong point in school, so I felt I had the fitting knowledge of the satisfy to help Marcus understand the test. Kauchak and Eggen (2009), report that having a diminutive understanding of the content one will teach improves the quality of ho w the teach it and how the student learns (p. 15). In my most recent experience, I helped a few students with dependent and independent clauses. Again, this content is very familiar to me and I have a detailed understanding for the clauses as well.This also demonstrates Ohio Standards for the Teaching Professions (OSTP) second standard, which states being familiar with content is a responsibility for the teacher (Standard 2). to boot, I felt my overall experience at Keyser gave me a human face of teacher collaboration that I did not expect. Whenever the Bowling Green students arrived at Keyser, we seemed like more of a burden than beneficial for the school. There would be times when the administrators would forget we were coming, and it was evident the school had a dance orchestra of communication problem.With Sherman Elementary, I felt the principal and the school all collaborated really well with each other, and they all had positive energy that promoted student learning to the maximum. Additionally, the principal do the effort to reach out to the society and keep everyone involved. Both schools demonstrated how they collaborated and communicated, which aligns with standard six (Standard 6). However, Keyser Elementary failed to meet up to the standard, whereas Sherman Elementary succeeded it. To bring forward expand upon Sherman Elementary Schools excellence, I believe they created a very encouraging environment.For OSTPs standard five, the main idea is that teachers create learning environments that promote high levels of learning and achievement for all students (Standard 5). In my one-day experience at the school, I felt that the school implemented a very tillable learning environment. In past years, the school had been categorized as an academic emergency school. However, they have been creating programs like Parents Power Hour where they allow the parents to come into the school and learn closely their students progress in school.The principal al so shares some news about the schools progress and this helps the parents get a feel for what their child is learning. Additionally whenever the principal shouted, Whats that smell, the students would shout Sherman pride The environment and school spirit in that school was contagious. The sixth grade teacher I encountered deeply cared for her students, and in the ten minutes I spent with her I already knew she promoted a successful learning environment. She led her students through a greeting activity where each student was greeted properly and in a mature manner, and then they also shared something they were proud of.This made the classroom climate very positive, which is an essential key to a productive learning environment (Kauchak and Eggen, 2009, p. 236). The students were all supportive of each others proud moments, and I believe that was a good run low to a productive learning day. As a result of my experience within an actual classroom being very limited, I lost the opport unity to witness the teacher delivering their instruction. My hope was to learn about how a teacher hard-hittingly instructs her students, which fits in OSTPs standard four (Standard 4). However, I did encounter an effective instruction within the Special Education class.On my most recent experience, the teacher was reviewing Christopher Columbus journey to the vernal World. To limit the lesson to her lecture would not have given the students a full understanding of the journey. Therefore, the teacher brought the dry land to the front of class and physically explains the journey by tracing his journey on the globe. Having the lecture along with the demonstration on the globe proved to be much more effective than the lecture alone. As previously stated, all of my experiences have only reinforced my decision to continue on the path of bonny a teacher.I witnessed a positively charged environment and one that did not have such delight. However, when I am a teacher in the future, I w ill be positive no librate what type of school I am in, and promote the learning environment my students deserve. I plan on continuing my expansion with the content I intend to teach, therefore my students will gain the ultimate learning experience with me as their teacher. I believe encouraging, teaching, caring, communicating, and believing in my students will benefit them tremendously. As a teacher, its all in a days work.

Superstition in Huckleberry Finn

Superstition If you step on a crack, you will break your mamma back, keep cats past from babies because they suck the breath of the child, and cross my heart and hope to die, cut my throat if I tell a lie are grammatical cases of some bigotrys that people believe in. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, credulity is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false cosmos of causation. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim and Huck use and believe in many superstitions.There are many examples from the confine that show this in the characters. Most of the superstitions are ridiculous, but some actually make a minuscular sense. In the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, one of the main themes he uses in this book is superstition and ii main characters that have attitudes that are different and similar towards superstition is Huck and Jim. Huck at the pedigree of the story wasnt superstitious a t all. He thought Jim was crazy for being superstition. Huck weak believes in superstition but subsequently in the story his views changes.Huck killed a rattlesnake and move it on the foot of Jim blanket, Jim see the dead rattlesnake with his mater and told Huck that this was bad luck. Huck later says I made up mmind I wouldnt ever take a-holt of a snake- scramble again with my hands, now that I see what had come of it(pg53) this mean that he do not really know all the superstitious things because he placed the dead rattlesnake at the foot of Jims blanket, just joking around, and he found out what happens as the effect of the joke.During this time Huck become a firm truster in superstition. Huck helps his friend Tom use superstition to help Jim sidestep by recounting Jims keeper, Nat, who believes witches are haunting him, that the only cure is to bake a witch pie and give it to Jim. In the witch pie there were things that were expiry to help Jim pull. Next Jim views about su perstition are different than Huck. different Huck, he is a very superstitious man and used it for almost everything in life. He too does not joke around with superstition, unlike Huck.Jim uses superstition to fill the things he didnt learn or understood in life. Jim uses superstition for a sign for all things that happen in nature. One example of this is, Some young birds come along, flying a yard or two at a time and lighting. Jim said it was a sign that it was going to rain(pg45). Jim looks at the birds and can tell that it is going to rain. Since there were no weather devices in the eighteen hundreds, signs like these were used to predict the weather.Jim view superstition by his faith by thinking the hairball is a magic spirit. Superstition kind of motivates him to escape to freedom because he found out that he was going to be sold for a steep price because he believes if your chest is hairy you are worth a lot of money which encourages him to escape his owner, Ms. Watson. Al though Huck and Jim have different views on superstition, they also have views that are the same. They both do things that would fail the superstition from bringing bad luck.For example during the rattlesnake episode, Jim tells Huck to chop off the snakes head, then skin the body of the snake and put it around his wrist, so he would not be cursed. They become ludicrous when anything remotely superstitious happens to them. They also think when something bad happens to them it is the effect of the superstitious act that they did. In conclusion, in Mark Twains novel, The Adventures Huckleberry Finn, he uses superstition to show many points. Mark Twain uses superstition to show personal credit line between an organized, Christian religion and believing in and superstitions and ones own beliefs.As Huckleberry Finn and Jim are hurled back and out between these two different faiths, the reader gets a keen idea of the beliefs and lifestyles people followed living in this story. He uses it to serves foreshadow the plot at several key junctions. For example, spilling salt leads to Pa returning for Huck. Overall, superstition is used in The Adventures Huckleberry Finn as a way to share Mark Twains own opinion on religion and refined living with his readers and help them to understand the good and bad of both ways of living.

Lost in Yonkers and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Critical Lens

The Unintentionally Hero Umberto Eco once wrote, A real hero is always a hero by mis add This quotation means that when a person doesnt intentionally try to be a hero, but results in being the hero, is a avowedly hero. I agree with this quotation, as it holds true in life- age and in literature. Both Lost In Yonkers by Neil Simon and One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey, support that heros are those who act bravely upon themselves and not those who act the way to become the hero. Lost In Yonkers is a story about a father, Eddie, who has to leave his two sons with his m other(a)wise for care.He has to leave because he borrowed a mass amount of capital from a loan shark to pay for his wifes medical bills. Eddie tells his boys, The doctors, the hospital, cost me everything I had And everything I didnt have And at long last it cost me everything i was going to have I was broke and I went into debt Into hock Only I didnt have anything left to hock So i went to a man A bills lender, they call him A loan shark. A loan shark is a person who specializes in marking loads to dreadful people.Eddie couldnt have gone to the bank because the bank would of refused or asked for interest or for collateral, all of which Eddie cant afford. A shylock doesnt need collateral. His collateral is your desperation. When Eddie got the money form the Shylock, a clock starts. When the clock is up, the Shylock expects his money and if the money isnt there, lives will be taken instead. The only way for him to pay game the Shylock was to take a job selling scrap iron however, the job requires a lot of traveling. The only way for him to take the job was to leave his sons.It is revealed in the dialogue the misery he feels. He loves his sons tremendously and feels awful that he has to leave them for nine months. He says, Im not asking for myself. Im asking for my boys. For my boys, Ill be obligates, to Jay and Arty. In this dialogue passage, he shows that for his boys, hell do an ything. Eddie is being a true hero by stepping up to the plate and taking consummation for his early acts. He goes into deep debt by trying to save his wife, and now he has to risk his life to save his boys. He might not realize that he is a hero, but his actions fair(a)ify the means.In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, a man named Randle McMurphy becomes another victim in the mental cover at a lower place the control of suck Ratched, or also known as the Big apply by the other mental patients. Randle comes into the hospital ready to rebel and start a riot. At their daily group therapy session, Randle asks Nurse Ratched, remember that vote we had a day or so backabout TV time? Well, todays Friday and I thought I might just bring it up again, just to see if anybody else has picked up a little guts. The vote was regarding about the patients and how they wanted to watch the World Series during TV time.The betrothal is, Nurse Ratched doesnt want the patients to have control. She likes to be in control. Once again, she wins the vote. At the climax of the first half(prenominal) of the book, Nurse Ratched lose her temper. Randle looks at the time and he realizes its time for the game. He drags his armchair out to in straw man of the TV set, then switches on the set and sits down, even though he lost the vote. The Big Nurse looks at Randle and then goes to the control room and flips a switch which causes the TV picture to swirl back into the gray.Even though this all happened, Randle is stilly sitting there. Nurse Ratched goes up to him and says, I said, Mr. McMurphy, that you are conjectural to be working during these hours, in a tight voice. This is where she loses her temper. As she is warning Randle, other patients of the mental ward goes to grab a chair and pulls in next to Randle. Her last words were, You men-Stop this. STOP before she was just like the rest of them, crazy. By hitting this climactical point, it shows that Randle McMurphy can really do anything he wishes.These two scenes where he stood up for what he wanted and what the other patients wanted showed that he is a hero. It may not be the genetically typically hero from some TV show, but a hero indeed. He fought for him and the other victims to be able to watch the World Series on TV but to be exclude down by Nurse Ratched. Normally, no patient would even dare to suggest or incredulity the Big Nurse. Randel stood up and stepped up. Also, when he dragged the chair in front of the TV, it showed he was not ready to be defeated so easily.He didnt do these things to be a hero, but he did those things because he accept it was the right thing to do. What you see is what you getwe see Randle being a leader and brave and that is what we get. A real hero is always a hero by mistake means that people who accidentally become the hero in the end are the true heros rather than those who try to become the heros with their actions. I agree much with this quotation for it holds true in life and literature. Eddie was a true hero in Lost In Yonkers and Randle was a true hero in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest.

Philippine History, Influences from Other Countries

Capalad, Raul Miguel C. January 3, 2012 2JRN2 I. During the Philippine pre-colonial period, the basic political subdivision was known as the barangay, which is ruled by a datu or village chief. Within the barangay are multiple political divisions, the highest of which is the nobles. The nobles, which include the Datu and his bloodline, are the highest figures in the barangay. The bite in rank is the freemen. The freemen are the merchants, fishermen, farmers, and all other workers within the barangay. The lowest division is the slaves.The slaves are split into two categories, the aliping namamahay, who stay at their owners homes, and the aliping sanguigilid, who live with their own home but unchanging work for a master. II. Colonialism is, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of unrivaled people to other. In the perspective of the Philippines past political, historical and social climate, his can someh ow be viewed as a positive thing because the Philippines back then was still severely underdeveloped.However if viewed from a moral standpoint, this is a negative concept because it restricts the country (i. e. the Philippines) its natural ability to develop, grow, and prosper on its own. III. The Philippines cultures and traditions are very deep and diverse in every sense of the word. This trait can be attributed to the many colonizers that colonized the Philippines, and too the tourists ang businessmen that entered the country. One the the biggest contributors were the Chinese. The Chinese people introduced many things to us in the categories of food, entertainment, and many more.They introduced the use of fireworks, their grotesque cuisine (like the noodles), porcelain ware, umbrellas, manufacture of gunpowder, and current mining methods superstitions, etc. The bountiful style of dressing, like the sleeved jackets and loose trouser of the Muslim Filipino women and the use of flip-flops, are of Chinese influence as well. They are overly big players in our economy, with one of the richest and most successful businessmen in the Philippines being of Chinese descent. They have been in the Philippines for a very long time and they have been through what everyone else in the Philippines has been through.As a result, many Filipino surnames are Chinese, like Cojuangco, Lim, Tan, Uy, and Tongco, among others. India also has similar contributions. In cuisine is the making and manipulation of the chicken curry, which has an Indian influence. They also introduced Hinduism into the Philippines, although only a small portion of the population practice Hinduism. Our lyric poem also has Indian influence. Here are some examples Tagalog * budhi which means conscience in Sanskrit * dukha which means one who suffers in Sanskrit * guro which means teacher in Sanskrit * bathala which means supreme God in Sanskrit lalkambini which means princess in Sanskrit Kapampangan * k alma which means fate in Sanskrit * damla which means divine law in Sanskrit * mantala which means magic formulas in Sanskrit * sampalataya which means faith in Sanskrit The wearing of a skirt and turban (sarong and putong respectively) also came from India. The great Hindoo epic Mahabarata is Indian. The Arabss greatest contribution to the Philippines is Islam, particularly in Mindanao. The sarimanok design, which has been used in a certain network in the Philippines, is also of Arabic influence.

Personal experience with banking concept of education Essay

Education, the process of taking in and applying information, is an important leave-taking of life that directly impacts an individuals judgement and cerebrateing of both themselves and society. A souls readingal reckon has the ability to order their life despite their intelligence level or home life situation. In Paulo Freires book, The didactics of the Oppressed, two major encyclopedism flairs, the banking concepts and the problem-posing methods of education, and their effects on savants ar discussed.My personal early education was indoors a public instructing system in the small town of Canton, Massach mappingtts. While public schools are often stereotyped as being both diverse and inferior compered to private schools, my high school was mainly white and Roman Catholic and it contained many students that were academically focused and cap adequate of getting accept to prestigious colleges such(prenominal) as the University of Miami. In my experience, sealed teachers w ithin this school system lose religious serviceed me to see, with a process of trial and error, the best way I take in bran-new information. My education has undoubtedly been molded by a combination of both the banking concept and the problem-posing method and has allowed me to develop into the person that I am today.Being from a public school of a relatively small suburban area in the Northeast, I have been pressured since the start of my education to learn in order to pass a government issued exam. in time as early as third first floor, the focus of my teachers was to prepare their students for the dreaded comprehensive MCAS exam. The majority of my school memories from elementary school are of me practicing for the essay portion of this exam and being taught to use 50 cent vocabulary words that would catch a graders attention and help us students gain a higher score. Yet, at this age, I did not really give my education as well much thought. I automatically assumed that th is type of mechanical drilling was the only way to do well in school and ultimately to make my parents and the people I cared about proud of me.As I grew older, I have realized that I will never go through the true reason that my teachers chose to teach to standardized tests. Their reasons for this may have been strictly egotism-interested and inspired by incentives such as receiving an scanty pay bonus. Still, I personally believe that the intentions of my earliest teachers were mainly benevolent and helped to prepare me for my later education.As a starting point for learning, elementary school teachers are expected to tell students what they needed to know. Even though a large portion of this process may include having the receive, memorize, and repeat information as if they are almost robotic, this instills them with a set of skills that will become critical in the later part of their education (Freire 260). While it may seem that an elementary school teacher who teaches with this method would have minor to no impact on how a student will succeed in life, these educators taught me educational techniques that I still value to this day.Many of the experiences that I have had with these teachers have taught me the importance of personal management. If my teachers had not lay an emphasis on the importance of organization and structure, and its relationship to success, then I would not be able to handle having a large study workload. Also, by introducing me to the importance of competition at a one-year-old age, I have been motivated to accomplish more academically and outside of the courseroom than I would have without their guidance.Even though the initial principles of this banking concept of drilling information into students may appear to be dictatorial and constrictive, the benefits received by both the instructor and the student typically serve their best interests and satisfy what the student is looking to gain from their education. Therefore, I believe that it is slightly inaccurate to deem this educational method purely as a means of depositing information from one person to another. I am thankful that a portion of my education has been alike(p) to that of the banking concept because it has given me the framework to pursue more advanced studies.Although a portion of my academic career has been somewhat impersonal and standardized, I was fortunate enough to take a class that gave me a chance to both think critically and cognitively while learning new material. In my junior year of high school, I was able to take an Advanced Placement business relationship class that has brought my style of learning to a more advanced level. In this history class, the teacher gave us a schedule of what we would be doing each day of the current unit we were in that was very similar to a college syllabus.Each day of class we came prepared with background information on the topic we would be learning about which was reinforced by the teache r giving us an almost daily quiz. Although at the time taking these quizzes was tedious, it allowed for the class to discuss numerous historical topics in a short completion of time. Our teacher, with the use of technology, presented antithetic copies of primary sources to the class which led to a natural and flowing discussion of different topics. That history class was unlike any other course I had taken in the previous(prenominal) and, while it was still challenging, I was able to do well and I scored a high grade on the AP test.I believe that the reason for both my personal success and that of many others in my class was due to the fact that my teacher combined methods of both the banking concepts and the problem-posing methods that were presented in Freires article. Instead of pretending to know all of the answers, my teacher posed problems to us students that we were able to work together to solve (Freire 265). While I was challenged academically to think on a critical and comprehensive level, there were certain aspects of that type of learning that required me to simply fill my brain with information. Without taking the time to learn basic facts and concepts of a certain subject, I would have never been able to insightfully discuss or give a knowledgeable belief on it.Only by putting in a substantial amount of individual safari was I able to grasp anything that my teacher or classmates would say during a lecture or discussion. Although this experience may appear to solely support the problem-posing method, without the initial instruction of my early teachers to be self motivated to learn and do well in my classes, I would have believed that spending time poring over outside of the classroom was pointless and that without a teacher I would be incapable of learning anything. Therefore, my academic growth that occurred during my junior year would not have been possible if I did not have such influential elementary school teachers.My educational exper ience over the past twelve years has decidedly established me as the student that I am today. While many aspects of growing up in a small town in the Massachusetts with many similar types of people surely alter my education, it is certainly my teachers who have made the largest impact on me. With both the initial guidance from my elementary school teachers and with the introduction of critical thinking that was introduced by my history teacher, I have developed a style of learning that feature aspects of both the banking concept of education and the problem-posing method and this has proven to be successful for me in the past.Still, I hope that as I begin to continue my education at the University of Miami and possibly purge in graduate school, that I will continue to grow as a student. In the future, I plan to take many different courses and be exposed to new types of thinking that will help me to develop intellectually. If I follow this path one day I may possibly be able to pe rfect my learning style and develop an efficient method that will help to subscribe me both success and knowledge in the future.